Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In November 2024, Luxembourg's road diesel supply was 89 kt, all of it imported, mainly from Belgium (80%) and the Netherlands (17%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Norway (20%), the United States (17%) and the United Kingdom (10%), and 12% cannot be traced.
Country
Norway18 kt (est. 20%)United States15 kt (est. 17%)United Kingdom8.5 kt (est. 10%)Kazakhstan8.2 kt (est. 9%)Iraq5.5 kt (est. 6%)Democratic Republic of the Congo4.9 kt (est. 5%)Colombia3.6 kt (est. 4%)Other crude origins15 kt (est. 17%)Belgium: crude origin not reported8.0 kt (9%)Netherlands: crude origin not reported1.3 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.8 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.2 kt (<1%)Belgium71 kt (80%)Netherlands15 kt (17%)Germany3.0 kt (3%)Luxembourg: road diesel supply89 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Belgium
- Netherlands
- Germany
- Norway18 kt (est. 20%)
- United States15 kt (est. 17%)
- United Kingdom8.5 kt (est. 10%)
- Kazakhstan8.2 kt (est. 9%)
- Iraq5.5 kt (est. 6%)
- Democratic Republic of the Congo4.9 kt (est. 5%)
- Colombia3.6 kt (est. 4%)
- Other crude origins15 kt (est. 17%)
- Belgium: crude origin not reported8.0 kt (9%)
- Netherlands: crude origin not reported1.3 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.8 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.2 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
Crude behind this road diesel, an estimate (Nov 2024)
15.3 thousand tonnes
est. 17% of Luxembourg's road diesel supply
less than 0.1 kt reported15 kt estimated
Inferred · medium
Last shipped from
- Belgium11 kt (est. 72%)
- Netherlands3.8 kt (est. 25%)
- Germany0.5 kt (est. 3%)
Source: Fuel Origin fuel-chain look-through (docs/HORMUZ_METHOD.md section 8), built on Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm and nrg_cb_oilm
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belgium | Luxembourg: road diesel supply | 71,218 | 79.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Luxembourg: road diesel supply | 14,871 | 16.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Luxembourg: road diesel supply | 3,032 | 3.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Norway | Belgium | 14,785 | 20.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Belgium | 11,686 | 16.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Belgium | 10,937 | 15.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Belgium: crude origin not reported | Belgium | 7,996 | 11.2% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United Kingdom | Belgium | 6,956 | 9.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium | 6,328 | 8.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Democratic Republic of the Congo | Belgium | 4,858 | 6.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Netherlands | 3,810 | 25.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Belgium | 3,631 | 5.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Colombia | Belgium | 3,514 | 4.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 2,911 | 19.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 2,202 | 14.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Netherlands | 1,726 | 11.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 1,453 | 9.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Netherlands: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 1,290 | 8.7% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 1,245 | 8.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 719 | 23.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 637 | 21.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Belgium | 528 | 0.7% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| United States | Germany | 513 | 16.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 417 | 13.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 281 | 9.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Germany | 165 | 5.4% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Iraq | Germany | 160 | 5.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 139 | 4.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Netherlands | 132 | 0.9% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Colombia | Netherlands | 102 | 0.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2024-11 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-11 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Luxembourg’s supply of road diesel in 2024-11, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2024-11 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-09 to 2024-11.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Belgium: crude origin not reported (7,996 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Netherlands: crude origin not reported (1,290 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (799 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (165 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.