Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In January 2024, Luxembourg's petrol supply was 32 kt, all of it imported, mainly from Belgium (82%) and Germany (15%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the United States (21%), Norway (15%) and Nigeria (10%), and 7% cannot be traced.
Country
United States6.6 kt (est. 21%)Norway4.8 kt (est. 15%)Nigeria3.2 kt (est. 10%)Kazakhstan3.0 kt (est. 10%)Angola2.4 kt (est. 8%)United Kingdom2.2 kt (est. 7%)Iraq1.3 kt (est. 4%)Other crude origins5.7 kt (est. 18%)Belgium: crude origin not reported1.8 kt (6%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.4 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.1 kt (<1%)Belgium26 kt (82%)Germany4.7 kt (15%)Netherlands1.0 kt (3%)Luxembourg: petrol supply32 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Belgium
- Germany
- Netherlands
- United States6.6 kt (est. 21%)
- Norway4.8 kt (est. 15%)
- Nigeria3.2 kt (est. 10%)
- Kazakhstan3.0 kt (est. 10%)
- Angola2.4 kt (est. 8%)
- United Kingdom2.2 kt (est. 7%)
- Iraq1.3 kt (est. 4%)
- Other crude origins5.7 kt (est. 18%)
- Belgium: crude origin not reported1.8 kt (6%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.4 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.1 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belgium | Luxembourg: petrol supply | 25,760 | 81.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Luxembourg: petrol supply | 4,709 | 14.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Luxembourg: petrol supply | 1,048 | 3.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States | Belgium | 5,201 | 20.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Belgium | 4,350 | 16.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Belgium | 3,724 | 14.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Belgium | 2,934 | 11.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium | 2,512 | 9.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Angola | Belgium | 2,344 | 9.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Belgium | 1,819 | 7.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Belgium: crude origin not reported | Belgium | 1,784 | 6.9% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 1,231 | 26.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Belgium | 1,092 | 4.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 1,084 | 23.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 960 | 20.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 490 | 10.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Netherlands | 297 | 28.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Luxembourg split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Germany | 288 | 6.1% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 261 | 5.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 158 | 15.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Luxembourg split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Netherlands | 128 | 12.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Luxembourg split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 127 | 12.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Luxembourg split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Germany | 118 | 2.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Germany | 115 | 2.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 102 | 2.2% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 99 | 9.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Luxembourg split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Netherlands | 73 | 6.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Luxembourg split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 63 | 6.0% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Angola | Germany | 60 | 1.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 42 | 4.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Luxembourg split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Angola | Netherlands | 33 | 3.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Luxembourg split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Netherlands | 29 | 2.8% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
Source & method
Source Period 2024-01 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-01 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Luxembourg’s supply of petrol in 2024-01, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2024-01 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2023-11 to 2024-01.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Belgium: crude origin not reported (1,784 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (350 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (132 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.