Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In April 2024, Luxembourg's petrol supply was 37 kt, all of it imported, mainly from Belgium (68%) and Germany (28%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the United States (19%), Norway (16%) and Kazakhstan (13%), and 9% cannot be traced.
Country
United States6.8 kt (est. 19%)Norway5.7 kt (est. 16%)Kazakhstan4.8 kt (est. 13%)Saudi Arabia3.6 kt (est. 10%)Nigeria1.9 kt (est. 5%)United Kingdom1.8 kt (est. 5%)Iraq1.3 kt (est. 3%)Other crude origins7.1 kt (est. 20%)Belgium: crude origin not reported2.2 kt (6%)Germany: crude origin not reported1.0 kt (3%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.1 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.1 kt (<1%)Belgium25 kt (68%)Germany10 kt (28%)Netherlands1.3 kt (4%)Luxembourg: petrol supply37 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Belgium
- Germany
- Netherlands
- United States6.8 kt (est. 19%)
- Norway5.7 kt (est. 16%)
- Kazakhstan4.8 kt (est. 13%)
- Saudi Arabia3.6 kt (est. 10%)
- Nigeria1.9 kt (est. 5%)
- United Kingdom1.8 kt (est. 5%)
- Iraq1.3 kt (est. 3%)
- Other crude origins7.1 kt (est. 20%)
- Belgium: crude origin not reported2.2 kt (6%)
- Germany: crude origin not reported1.0 kt (3%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.1 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.1 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belgium | Luxembourg: petrol supply | 24,942 | 68.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Luxembourg: petrol supply | 10,262 | 28.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Luxembourg: petrol supply | 1,301 | 3.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Other crude origins | Belgium | 5,213 | 20.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Belgium | 4,524 | 18.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Belgium | 3,591 | 14.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium | 3,218 | 12.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Belgium | 3,208 | 12.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Belgium: crude origin not reported | Belgium | 2,233 | 9.0% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United States | Germany | 1,903 | 18.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 1,887 | 18.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 1,786 | 17.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Belgium | 1,485 | 6.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 1,476 | 14.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Germany: crude origin not reported | Germany | 1,010 | 9.8% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 971 | 9.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Belgium | 785 | 3.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Belgium | 685 | 2.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Germany | 486 | 4.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Germany | 387 | 3.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Netherlands | 349 | 26.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Luxembourg split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 247 | 2.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 181 | 13.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Luxembourg split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 151 | 11.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Luxembourg split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 137 | 10.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Luxembourg split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Netherlands | 127 | 9.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Luxembourg split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 110 | 1.1% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 100 | 7.7% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Iraq | Netherlands | 95 | 7.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Luxembourg split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 91 | 7.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Luxembourg split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Netherlands | 70 | 5.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Luxembourg split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2024-04 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-04 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Luxembourg’s supply of petrol in 2024-04, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2024-04 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-02 to 2024-04.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Belgium: crude origin not reported (2,233 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Germany: crude origin not reported (1,010 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (110 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (100 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.