Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In June 2024, Luxembourg's petrol supply was 34 kt, all of it imported, from Belgium (73%) and Germany (27%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the United States (18%), Norway (16%) and Kazakhstan (15%), and 13% cannot be traced.
Country
United States5.9 kt (est. 18%)Norway5.3 kt (est. 16%)Kazakhstan4.9 kt (est. 15%)Saudi Arabia2.0 kt (est. 6%)United Kingdom1.8 kt (est. 5%)Iraq1.5 kt (est. 4%)Nigeria1.5 kt (est. 4%)Other crude origins6.3 kt (est. 19%)Belgium: crude origin not reported3.4 kt (10%)Germany: crude origin not reported0.7 kt (2%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.3 kt (<1%)Belgium24 kt (73%)Germany9.2 kt (27%)Luxembourg: petrol supply34 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- United States5.9 kt (est. 18%)
- Norway5.3 kt (est. 16%)
- Kazakhstan4.9 kt (est. 15%)
- Saudi Arabia2.0 kt (est. 6%)
- United Kingdom1.8 kt (est. 5%)
- Iraq1.5 kt (est. 4%)
- Nigeria1.5 kt (est. 4%)
- Other crude origins6.3 kt (est. 19%)
- Belgium: crude origin not reported3.4 kt (10%)
- Germany: crude origin not reported0.7 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.3 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belgium | Luxembourg: petrol supply | 24,397 | 72.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Luxembourg: petrol supply | 9,180 | 27.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Other crude origins | Belgium | 4,704 | 19.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Belgium | 4,327 | 17.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium | 3,602 | 14.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Belgium | 3,412 | 14.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Belgium: crude origin not reported | Belgium | 3,368 | 13.8% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Norway | Germany | 1,866 | 20.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Belgium | 1,716 | 7.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 1,597 | 17.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 1,590 | 17.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 1,295 | 14.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Belgium | 1,212 | 5.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Belgium | 1,089 | 4.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Belgium | 875 | 3.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 741 | 8.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Germany: crude origin not reported | Germany | 729 | 7.9% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Iraq | Germany | 583 | 6.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 317 | 3.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Germany | 240 | 2.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 222 | 2.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Belgium | 92 | 0.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
Source & method
Source Period 2024-06 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-06 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Luxembourg’s supply of petrol in 2024-06, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2024-06 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-04 to 2024-06.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Belgium: crude origin not reported (3,368 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Germany: crude origin not reported (729 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (314 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.