Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In November 2024, Luxembourg's petrol supply was 31 kt, all of it imported, from Belgium (80%) and Germany (20%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Norway (21%), the United States (16%) and Kazakhstan (10%), and 12% cannot be traced.
Country
Norway6.4 kt (est. 21%)United States4.8 kt (est. 16%)Kazakhstan3.0 kt (est. 10%)United Kingdom3.0 kt (est. 10%)Democratic Republic of the Congo1.7 kt (est. 5%)Iraq1.6 kt (est. 5%)Colombia1.2 kt (est. 4%)Other crude origins5.5 kt (est. 18%)Belgium: crude origin not reported2.8 kt (9%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.5 kt (2%)Germany: crude origin not reported0.3 kt (1%)Belgium25 kt (80%)Germany6.2 kt (20%)Luxembourg: petrol supply31 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Norway6.4 kt (est. 21%)
- United States4.8 kt (est. 16%)
- Kazakhstan3.0 kt (est. 10%)
- United Kingdom3.0 kt (est. 10%)
- Democratic Republic of the Congo1.7 kt (est. 5%)
- Iraq1.6 kt (est. 5%)
- Colombia1.2 kt (est. 4%)
- Other crude origins5.5 kt (est. 18%)
- Belgium: crude origin not reported2.8 kt (9%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.5 kt (2%)
- Germany: crude origin not reported0.3 kt (1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belgium | Luxembourg: petrol supply | 24,664 | 79.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Luxembourg: petrol supply | 6,195 | 20.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Norway | Belgium | 5,120 | 20.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Belgium | 4,047 | 16.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Belgium | 3,788 | 15.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Belgium: crude origin not reported | Belgium | 2,769 | 11.2% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United Kingdom | Belgium | 2,409 | 9.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium | 2,191 | 8.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Democratic Republic of the Congo | Belgium | 1,682 | 6.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 1,470 | 23.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 1,302 | 21.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Belgium | 1,257 | 5.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Colombia | Belgium | 1,217 | 4.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 1,049 | 16.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 852 | 13.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 574 | 9.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Germany: crude origin not reported | Germany | 337 | 5.4% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Iraq | Germany | 328 | 5.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 284 | 4.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Belgium | 183 | 0.7% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
Source & method
Source Period 2024-11 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-11 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Luxembourg’s supply of petrol in 2024-11, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2024-11 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-09 to 2024-11.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Belgium: crude origin not reported (2,769 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (467 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Germany: crude origin not reported (337 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.