Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In January 2025, Luxembourg's petrol supply was 31 kt, all of it imported, from Belgium (95%) and Germany (5%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Norway (22%), the United States (21%) and Kazakhstan (10%), and 5% cannot be traced.
Country
Norway6.9 kt (est. 22%)United States6.5 kt (est. 21%)Kazakhstan3.2 kt (est. 10%)United Kingdom2.3 kt (est. 7%)Democratic Republic of the Congo1.9 kt (est. 6%)Brazil1.9 kt (est. 6%)Iraq1.5 kt (est. 5%)Other crude origins5.7 kt (est. 18%)Belgium: crude origin not reported1.3 kt (4%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.1 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.1 kt (<1%)Belgium30 kt (95%)Germany1.6 kt (5%)Luxembourg: petrol supply31 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Norway6.9 kt (est. 22%)
- United States6.5 kt (est. 21%)
- Kazakhstan3.2 kt (est. 10%)
- United Kingdom2.3 kt (est. 7%)
- Democratic Republic of the Congo1.9 kt (est. 6%)
- Brazil1.9 kt (est. 6%)
- Iraq1.5 kt (est. 5%)
- Other crude origins5.7 kt (est. 18%)
- Belgium: crude origin not reported1.3 kt (4%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.1 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.1 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belgium | Luxembourg: petrol supply | 29,797 | 94.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Luxembourg: petrol supply | 1,630 | 5.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Norway | Belgium | 6,613 | 22.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Belgium | 6,279 | 21.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Belgium | 5,206 | 17.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium | 2,988 | 10.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Belgium | 2,194 | 7.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Democratic Republic of the Congo | Belgium | 1,917 | 6.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Brazil | Belgium | 1,846 | 6.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Belgium | 1,464 | 4.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Belgium: crude origin not reported | Belgium | 1,290 | 4.3% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 474 | 29.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 287 | 17.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 261 | 16.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 206 | 12.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 155 | 9.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Germany | 141 | 8.7% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 55 | 3.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Iraq | Germany | 41 | 2.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Brazil | Germany | 8 | 0.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2025-01 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-01 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Luxembourg’s supply of petrol in 2025-01, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2025-01 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-11 to 2025-01.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Belgium: crude origin not reported (1,290 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (141 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (55 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.