Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In March 2025, Luxembourg's petrol supply was 33 kt, all of it imported, from Belgium (80%) and Germany (20%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Norway (21%), the United States (16%) and Kazakhstan (13%), and 4% cannot be traced.
Country
Norway7.0 kt (est. 21%)United States5.5 kt (est. 16%)Kazakhstan4.3 kt (est. 13%)United Kingdom2.3 kt (est. 7%)Nigeria2.2 kt (est. 7%)Libya2.0 kt (est. 6%)Iraq1.9 kt (est. 6%)Other crude origins6.7 kt (est. 20%)Germany: crude origin not reported0.7 kt (2%)Belgium: crude origin not reported0.5 kt (2%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.2 kt (<1%)Belgium27 kt (80%)Germany6.6 kt (20%)Luxembourg: petrol supply33 kt (100%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Crude origin (estimate)
- Norway7.0 kt (est. 21%)
- United States5.5 kt (est. 16%)
- Kazakhstan4.3 kt (est. 13%)
- United Kingdom2.3 kt (est. 7%)
- Nigeria2.2 kt (est. 7%)
- Libya2.0 kt (est. 6%)
- Iraq1.9 kt (est. 6%)
- Other crude origins6.7 kt (est. 20%)
- Germany: crude origin not reported0.7 kt (2%)
- Belgium: crude origin not reported0.5 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.2 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belgium | Luxembourg: petrol supply | 26,639 | 80.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Luxembourg: petrol supply | 6,646 | 20.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Other crude origins | Belgium | 5,944 | 22.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Belgium | 5,645 | 21.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Belgium | 4,366 | 16.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium | 3,580 | 13.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Belgium | 1,932 | 7.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Belgium | 1,725 | 6.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Belgium | 1,618 | 6.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 1,365 | 20.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Belgium | 1,292 | 4.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 1,092 | 16.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 728 | 11.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 713 | 10.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Germany: crude origin not reported | Germany | 698 | 10.5% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 698 | 10.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 687 | 10.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Belgium: crude origin not reported | Belgium | 536 | 2.0% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Nigeria | Germany | 278 | 4.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 212 | 3.2% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Iraq | Germany | 174 | 2.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2025-03 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-03 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Luxembourg’s supply of petrol in 2025-03, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2025-03 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-01 to 2025-03.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Germany: crude origin not reported (698 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Belgium: crude origin not reported (536 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (212 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.