Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In June 2025, Luxembourg's petrol supply was 40 kt, all of it imported, mainly from Belgium (73%) and Germany (25%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Norway (22%), Kazakhstan (16%) and the United States (15%), and 3% cannot be traced.
Country
Norway9.0 kt (est. 22%)Kazakhstan6.3 kt (est. 16%)United States5.8 kt (est. 15%)Libya2.5 kt (est. 6%)Canada2.3 kt (est. 6%)United Kingdom2.0 kt (est. 5%)Nigeria1.6 kt (est. 4%)Other crude origins9.4 kt (est. 23%)Germany: crude origin not reported0.7 kt (2%)Belgium: crude origin not reported0.4 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.1 kt (<1%)Belgium29 kt (73%)Germany9.9 kt (25%)Netherlands0.9 kt (2%)Luxembourg: petrol supply40 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Belgium
- Germany
- Netherlands
- Norway9.0 kt (est. 22%)
- Kazakhstan6.3 kt (est. 16%)
- United States5.8 kt (est. 15%)
- Libya2.5 kt (est. 6%)
- Canada2.3 kt (est. 6%)
- United Kingdom2.0 kt (est. 5%)
- Nigeria1.6 kt (est. 4%)
- Other crude origins9.4 kt (est. 23%)
- Germany: crude origin not reported0.7 kt (2%)
- Belgium: crude origin not reported0.4 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.1 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belgium | Luxembourg: petrol supply | 29,200 | 72.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Luxembourg: petrol supply | 9,912 | 24.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Luxembourg: petrol supply | 922 | 2.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Other crude origins | Belgium | 7,477 | 25.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Belgium | 7,005 | 24.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium | 4,916 | 16.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Belgium | 4,417 | 15.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Canada | Belgium | 1,935 | 6.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 1,820 | 18.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 1,697 | 17.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 1,581 | 16.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Belgium | 1,385 | 4.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 1,311 | 13.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 1,203 | 12.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 1,123 | 11.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Belgium | 921 | 3.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Belgium | 730 | 2.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Germany: crude origin not reported | Germany | 664 | 6.7% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Belgium: crude origin not reported | Belgium | 414 | 1.4% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Canada | Germany | 283 | 2.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Germany | 229 | 2.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Netherlands | 206 | 22.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Luxembourg split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 193 | 20.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Luxembourg split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 157 | 17.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Luxembourg split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 113 | 12.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Luxembourg split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 109 | 11.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Luxembourg split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 71 | 7.7% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Canada | Netherlands | 38 | 4.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Luxembourg split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Netherlands | 22 | 2.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Luxembourg split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Netherlands | 14 | 1.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Luxembourg split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2025-06 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-06 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Luxembourg’s supply of petrol in 2025-06, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2025-06 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-04 to 2025-06.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Germany: crude origin not reported (664 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Belgium: crude origin not reported (414 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (71 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.