Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In August 2025, Luxembourg's petrol supply was 38 kt, all of it imported, from Belgium (78%) and Germany (22%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Norway (21%), Kazakhstan (18%) and the United States (12%), and 3% cannot be traced.
Country
Norway8.0 kt (est. 21%)Kazakhstan7.0 kt (est. 18%)United States4.7 kt (est. 12%)United Kingdom2.4 kt (est. 6%)Guyana1.9 kt (est. 5%)Brazil1.9 kt (est. 5%)Libya1.8 kt (est. 5%)Other crude origins9.0 kt (est. 24%)Belgium: crude origin not reported0.8 kt (2%)Germany: crude origin not reported0.5 kt (1%)Belgium30 kt (78%)Germany8.3 kt (22%)Luxembourg: petrol supply38 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Norway8.0 kt (est. 21%)
- Kazakhstan7.0 kt (est. 18%)
- United States4.7 kt (est. 12%)
- United Kingdom2.4 kt (est. 6%)
- Guyana1.9 kt (est. 5%)
- Brazil1.9 kt (est. 5%)
- Libya1.8 kt (est. 5%)
- Other crude origins9.0 kt (est. 24%)
- Belgium: crude origin not reported0.8 kt (2%)
- Germany: crude origin not reported0.5 kt (1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belgium | Luxembourg: petrol supply | 29,782 | 78.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Luxembourg: petrol supply | 8,271 | 21.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Other crude origins | Belgium | 7,108 | 23.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Belgium | 6,656 | 22.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium | 5,860 | 19.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Belgium | 3,677 | 12.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Belgium | 1,947 | 6.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 1,878 | 22.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Brazil | Belgium | 1,827 | 6.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Belgium | 1,565 | 5.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 1,443 | 17.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 1,391 | 16.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 1,123 | 13.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 1,047 | 12.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 877 | 10.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Belgium: crude origin not reported | Belgium | 758 | 2.5% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Germany: crude origin not reported | Germany | 483 | 5.8% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Libya | Belgium | 384 | 1.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Brazil | Germany | 29 | 0.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2025-08 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-08 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Luxembourg’s supply of petrol in 2025-08, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2025-08 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-06 to 2025-08.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Belgium: crude origin not reported (758 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Germany: crude origin not reported (483 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.