Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In December 2025, Luxembourg's petrol supply was 32 kt, all of it imported, from Belgium (86%) and Germany (14%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Norway (23%), Kazakhstan (17%) and the United States (17%), and 1% cannot be traced.
Country
Norway7.1 kt (est. 23%)Kazakhstan5.4 kt (est. 17%)United States5.3 kt (est. 17%)Guyana3.7 kt (est. 12%)Brazil1.8 kt (est. 6%)Canada1.8 kt (est. 6%)Nigeria1.5 kt (est. 5%)Other crude origins4.6 kt (est. 14%)Germany: crude origin not reported0.4 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.1 kt (<1%)Belgium27 kt (86%)Germany4.3 kt (14%)Luxembourg: petrol supply32 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Norway7.1 kt (est. 23%)
- Kazakhstan5.4 kt (est. 17%)
- United States5.3 kt (est. 17%)
- Guyana3.7 kt (est. 12%)
- Brazil1.8 kt (est. 6%)
- Canada1.8 kt (est. 6%)
- Nigeria1.5 kt (est. 5%)
- Other crude origins4.6 kt (est. 14%)
- Germany: crude origin not reported0.4 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.1 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belgium | Luxembourg: petrol supply | 27,471 | 86.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Luxembourg: petrol supply | 4,298 | 13.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Norway | Belgium | 6,467 | 23.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium | 4,729 | 17.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Belgium | 4,720 | 17.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Belgium | 3,708 | 13.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Belgium | 3,003 | 10.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Brazil | Belgium | 1,767 | 6.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Canada | Belgium | 1,657 | 6.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 1,590 | 37.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Belgium | 1,419 | 5.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 682 | 15.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 669 | 15.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 612 | 14.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Germany: crude origin not reported | Germany | 415 | 9.7% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Nigeria | Germany | 126 | 2.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Canada | Germany | 94 | 2.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Brazil | Germany | 56 | 1.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 53 | 1.2% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
Source & method
Source Period 2025-12 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-12 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Luxembourg’s supply of petrol in 2025-12, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2025-12 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-10 to 2025-12.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Germany: crude origin not reported (415 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (53 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.