Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In March 2026, Luxembourg's petrol supply was 36 kt, all of it imported, from Belgium (81%) and Germany (19%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Norway (34%), the United States (19%) and Nigeria (8%), and less than 1% cannot be traced.
Country
Norway12 kt (est. 34%)United States6.8 kt (est. 19%)Nigeria3.0 kt (est. 8%)Kazakhstan2.8 kt (est. 8%)United Kingdom2.4 kt (est. 7%)Guyana2.3 kt (est. 7%)Iraq1.0 kt (est. 3%)Other crude origins5.1 kt (est. 14%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.2 kt (<1%)Belgium29 kt (81%)Germany6.7 kt (19%)Luxembourg: petrol supply36 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belgium | Luxembourg: petrol supply | 29,013 | 81.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Luxembourg: petrol supply | 6,682 | 18.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Norway | Belgium | 10,793 | 37.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Belgium | 5,742 | 19.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Belgium | 3,405 | 11.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Belgium | 2,797 | 9.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium | 2,028 | 7.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 1,738 | 26.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Belgium | 1,691 | 5.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Belgium | 1,674 | 5.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 1,211 | 18.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 1,093 | 16.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Belgium | 883 | 3.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 821 | 12.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 728 | 10.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Germany | 633 | 9.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Germany | 206 | 3.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 160 | 2.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Iraq | Germany | 92 | 1.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2026-03 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2026-03 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Luxembourg’s supply of petrol in 2026-03, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2026-03 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2026-01 to 2026-03.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (160 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.