Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In April 2026, Luxembourg's jet fuel supply was 52 kt, all of it imported, mainly from Belgium (66%) and France (30%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Norway (29%), the United States (19%) and Kazakhstan (12%), and 1% cannot be traced.
Country
Norway15 kt (est. 29%)United States9.9 kt (est. 19%)Kazakhstan6.3 kt (est. 12%)Nigeria4.4 kt (est. 8%)United Kingdom3.4 kt (est. 6%)Guyana1.9 kt (est. 4%)Iraq1.6 kt (est. 3%)Other crude origins9.3 kt (est. 18%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.5 kt (<1%)Belgium34 kt (66%)France15 kt (30%)Netherlands2.3 kt (4%)Luxembourg: jet fuel supply52 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Belgium
- France
- Netherlands
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belgium | Luxembourg: jet fuel supply | 34,440 | 66.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| France | Luxembourg: jet fuel supply | 15,445 | 29.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Luxembourg: jet fuel supply | 2,288 | 4.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Norway | Belgium | 13,286 | 38.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Belgium | 5,227 | 15.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | France | 4,863 | 31.5% | EstimatedEstimate: France's jet fuel to Luxembourg split by France's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | France | 4,223 | 27.3% | EstimatedEstimate: France's jet fuel to Luxembourg split by France's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Belgium | 3,935 | 11.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium | 3,830 | 11.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Belgium | 2,922 | 8.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Belgium | 2,602 | 7.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | France | 2,194 | 14.2% | EstimatedEstimate: France's jet fuel to Luxembourg split by France's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Belgium | 1,943 | 5.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | France | 1,653 | 10.7% | EstimatedEstimate: France's jet fuel to Luxembourg split by France's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | France | 1,112 | 7.2% | EstimatedEstimate: France's jet fuel to Luxembourg split by France's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | France | 858 | 5.6% | EstimatedEstimate: France's jet fuel to Luxembourg split by France's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Belgium | 696 | 2.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 498 | 21.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Luxembourg split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 485 | 21.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Luxembourg split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Netherlands | 463 | 20.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Luxembourg split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | France | 319 | 2.1% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 228 | 10.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Luxembourg split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 224 | 9.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Luxembourg split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | France | 224 | 1.5% | EstimatedEstimate: France's jet fuel to Luxembourg split by France's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 195 | 8.5% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Nigeria | Netherlands | 140 | 6.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Luxembourg split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Netherlands | 55 | 2.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Luxembourg split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2026-04 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2026-04 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Luxembourg’s supply of jet fuel in 2026-04, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2026-04 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2026-02 to 2026-04.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (514 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.