Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In April 2026, Luxembourg's petrol supply was 43 kt, all of it imported, from Belgium (81%), the Netherlands (12%) and Germany (7%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Norway (35%), the United States (16%) and Kazakhstan (11%), and 1% cannot be traced.
Country
Norway15 kt (est. 35%)United States6.8 kt (est. 16%)Kazakhstan4.8 kt (est. 11%)United Kingdom3.8 kt (est. 9%)Nigeria3.0 kt (est. 7%)Guyana2.3 kt (est. 5%)Saudi Arabia1.1 kt (est. 3%)Other crude origins5.7 kt (est. 13%)Netherlands: crude origin not reported0.5 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.1 kt (<1%)Belgium35 kt (81%)Netherlands5.4 kt (12%)Germany3.0 kt (7%)Luxembourg: petrol supply43 kt (100%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Belgium
- Netherlands
- Germany
- Norway15 kt (est. 35%)
- United States6.8 kt (est. 16%)
- Kazakhstan4.8 kt (est. 11%)
- United Kingdom3.8 kt (est. 9%)
- Nigeria3.0 kt (est. 7%)
- Guyana2.3 kt (est. 5%)
- Saudi Arabia1.1 kt (est. 3%)
- Other crude origins5.7 kt (est. 13%)
- Netherlands: crude origin not reported0.5 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.1 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belgium | Luxembourg: petrol supply | 34,940 | 80.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Luxembourg: petrol supply | 5,373 | 12.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Luxembourg: petrol supply | 2,966 | 6.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Norway | Belgium | 13,479 | 38.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Belgium | 5,303 | 15.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium | 3,885 | 11.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Belgium | 3,824 | 10.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Belgium | 2,965 | 8.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Belgium | 2,639 | 7.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Belgium | 1,971 | 5.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 1,169 | 21.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Luxembourg split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 1,133 | 21.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Luxembourg split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Netherlands | 1,087 | 20.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Luxembourg split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Belgium | 874 | 2.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 696 | 23.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 535 | 10.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Luxembourg split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 527 | 9.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Luxembourg split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 500 | 16.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Netherlands: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 458 | 8.5% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United States | Germany | 457 | 15.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 381 | 12.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Netherlands | 330 | 6.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Luxembourg split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 318 | 10.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Germany | 314 | 10.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 142 | 4.8% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Saudi Arabia | Netherlands | 135 | 2.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Luxembourg split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 81 | 2.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Germany | 76 | 2.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2026-04 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2026-04 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Luxembourg’s supply of petrol in 2026-04, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2026-04 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2026-02 to 2026-04.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Netherlands: crude origin not reported (458 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (142 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.