Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In May 2026, Luxembourg's jet fuel supply was 55 kt, all of it imported, mainly from Belgium (63%) and France (34%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Norway (26%), the United States (18%) and Kazakhstan (15%), and 1% cannot be traced.
Country
Norway14 kt (est. 26%)United States9.6 kt (est. 18%)Kazakhstan8.2 kt (est. 15%)Nigeria4.0 kt (est. 7%)United Kingdom3.3 kt (est. 6%)Guyana2.1 kt (est. 4%)Brazil1.9 kt (est. 3%)Other crude origins11 kt (est. 20%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.6 kt (1%)Belgium34 kt (63%)France18 kt (34%)Netherlands2.0 kt (4%)Luxembourg: jet fuel supply55 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Belgium
- France
- Netherlands
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belgium | Luxembourg: jet fuel supply | 34,312 | 62.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| France | Luxembourg: jet fuel supply | 18,413 | 33.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Luxembourg: jet fuel supply | 2,007 | 3.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Norway | Belgium | 12,267 | 35.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | France | 5,566 | 30.2% | EstimatedEstimate: France's jet fuel to Luxembourg split by France's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Belgium | 4,718 | 13.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Belgium | 4,682 | 13.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium | 4,559 | 13.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | France | 4,413 | 24.0% | EstimatedEstimate: France's jet fuel to Luxembourg split by France's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | France | 3,487 | 18.9% | EstimatedEstimate: France's jet fuel to Luxembourg split by France's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Belgium | 2,798 | 8.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Belgium | 2,089 | 6.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Belgium | 2,073 | 6.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | France | 1,865 | 10.1% | EstimatedEstimate: France's jet fuel to Luxembourg split by France's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | France | 1,774 | 9.6% | EstimatedEstimate: France's jet fuel to Luxembourg split by France's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Brazil | Belgium | 875 | 2.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Brazil | France | 829 | 4.5% | EstimatedEstimate: France's jet fuel to Luxembourg split by France's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Netherlands | 492 | 24.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Luxembourg split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 405 | 20.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Luxembourg split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 385 | 19.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Luxembourg split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | France | 286 | 1.6% | EstimatedEstimate: France's jet fuel to Luxembourg split by France's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Belgium | 250 | 0.7% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | France | 194 | 1.1% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 191 | 9.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Luxembourg split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 171 | 8.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Luxembourg split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Brazil | Netherlands | 146 | 7.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Luxembourg split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 141 | 7.0% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Nigeria | Netherlands | 75 | 3.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Luxembourg split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2026-05 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2026-05 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Luxembourg’s supply of jet fuel in 2026-05, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2026-05 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2026-03 to 2026-05.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (585 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.