Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In June 2026, Luxembourg's jet fuel supply was 55 kt, all of it imported, mainly from Belgium (73%) and France (23%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Norway (25%), the United States (17%) and Kazakhstan (15%), and 2% cannot be traced.
Country
Norway14 kt (est. 25%)United States9.2 kt (est. 17%)Kazakhstan8.2 kt (est. 15%)United Kingdom3.7 kt (est. 7%)Brazil2.9 kt (est. 5%)Nigeria2.7 kt (est. 5%)Guyana2.2 kt (est. 4%)Other crude origins11 kt (est. 20%)Belgium: crude origin not reported0.8 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.4 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.2 kt (<1%)Belgium40 kt (73%)France12 kt (23%)Netherlands2.5 kt (4%)Luxembourg: jet fuel supply55 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Belgium
- France
- Netherlands
- Norway14 kt (est. 25%)
- United States9.2 kt (est. 17%)
- Kazakhstan8.2 kt (est. 15%)
- United Kingdom3.7 kt (est. 7%)
- Brazil2.9 kt (est. 5%)
- Nigeria2.7 kt (est. 5%)
- Guyana2.2 kt (est. 4%)
- Other crude origins11 kt (est. 20%)
- Belgium: crude origin not reported0.8 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.4 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.2 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belgium | Luxembourg: jet fuel supply | 40,198 | 72.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| France | Luxembourg: jet fuel supply | 12,441 | 22.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Luxembourg: jet fuel supply | 2,471 | 4.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Norway | Belgium | 12,192 | 30.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Belgium | 6,942 | 17.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Belgium | 5,750 | 14.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium | 5,485 | 13.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | France | 3,722 | 29.9% | EstimatedEstimate: France's jet fuel to Luxembourg split by France's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Belgium | 3,072 | 7.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | France | 2,786 | 22.4% | EstimatedEstimate: France's jet fuel to Luxembourg split by France's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | France | 2,477 | 19.9% | EstimatedEstimate: France's jet fuel to Luxembourg split by France's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Brazil | Belgium | 2,414 | 6.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Belgium | 2,151 | 5.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Belgium | 1,419 | 3.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | France | 1,230 | 9.9% | EstimatedEstimate: France's jet fuel to Luxembourg split by France's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | France | 1,098 | 8.8% | EstimatedEstimate: France's jet fuel to Luxembourg split by France's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Belgium: crude origin not reported | Belgium | 773 | 1.9% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United States | Netherlands | 666 | 27.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Luxembourg split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | France | 482 | 3.9% | EstimatedEstimate: France's jet fuel to Luxembourg split by France's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 463 | 18.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Luxembourg split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 429 | 17.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Luxembourg split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Brazil | France | 310 | 2.5% | EstimatedEstimate: France's jet fuel to Luxembourg split by France's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 249 | 10.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Luxembourg split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 217 | 8.8% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Brazil | Netherlands | 196 | 7.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Luxembourg split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | France | 192 | 1.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 190 | 7.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Luxembourg split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | France | 144 | 1.2% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Nigeria | Netherlands | 61 | 2.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Luxembourg split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2026-06 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2026-06 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Luxembourg’s supply of jet fuel in 2026-06, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2026-06 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2026-04 to 2026-06.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Belgium: crude origin not reported (773 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (361 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (192 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.