Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In June 2026, Luxembourg's petrol supply was 34 kt, all of it imported, mainly from Belgium (89%) and Germany (6%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Norway (29%), the United States (15%) and Kazakhstan (14%), and 2% cannot be traced.
Country
Norway9.9 kt (est. 29%)United States5.3 kt (est. 15%)Kazakhstan4.7 kt (est. 14%)United Kingdom2.7 kt (est. 8%)Brazil2.0 kt (est. 6%)Guyana1.8 kt (est. 5%)Democratic Republic of the Congo1.4 kt (est. 4%)Other crude origins5.9 kt (est. 17%)Belgium: crude origin not reported0.6 kt (2%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.2 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.1 kt (<1%)Belgium31 kt (89%)Germany2.1 kt (6%)Netherlands1.7 kt (5%)Luxembourg: petrol supply34 kt (100%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Belgium
- Germany
- Netherlands
- Norway9.9 kt (est. 29%)
- United States5.3 kt (est. 15%)
- Kazakhstan4.7 kt (est. 14%)
- United Kingdom2.7 kt (est. 8%)
- Brazil2.0 kt (est. 6%)
- Guyana1.8 kt (est. 5%)
- Democratic Republic of the Congo1.4 kt (est. 4%)
- Other crude origins5.9 kt (est. 17%)
- Belgium: crude origin not reported0.6 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.2 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.1 kt (<1%)
Where the fuel was refined
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belgium | Luxembourg: petrol supply | 30,694 | 89.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Luxembourg: petrol supply | 2,056 | 6.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Luxembourg: petrol supply | 1,722 | 5.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Norway | Belgium | 9,310 | 30.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Belgium | 4,972 | 16.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Belgium | 4,391 | 14.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium | 4,188 | 13.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Belgium | 2,346 | 7.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Brazil | Belgium | 1,843 | 6.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Belgium | 1,642 | 5.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Democratic Republic of the Congo | Belgium | 1,411 | 4.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Belgium: crude origin not reported | Belgium | 591 | 1.9% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 516 | 25.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 466 | 22.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Netherlands | 464 | 27.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Luxembourg split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 365 | 21.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Luxembourg split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 324 | 15.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 321 | 15.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 299 | 17.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Luxembourg split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 182 | 8.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Germany | 176 | 8.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 174 | 10.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Luxembourg split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 151 | 8.8% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Brazil | Netherlands | 136 | 7.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Luxembourg split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 132 | 7.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Luxembourg split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 51 | 2.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Brazil | Germany | 18 | 0.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2026-06 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2026-06 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the countries whose refineries made it. Right: Luxembourg’s supply of petrol in 2026-06, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2026-06 (latest month all EU member states reported). Crude mixes are pooled over 2026-04 to 2026-06.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Belgium: crude origin not reported (591 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (152 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (51 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only; fuel re-exported through a supplier is not followed further.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.