Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In April 2024, Malta's road diesel supply was 13 kt, all of it imported, from Spain (100%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the United States (17%), Mexico (14%) and Brazil (13%), and 3% cannot be traced.
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Crude origin (estimate)
Where the fuel was refined
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
Total supply (Apr 2024)
13.3 thousand tonnes
100% of Malta's road diesel supply
Official
Where it was refined
- Spain13 kt (100%)
Source: Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Spain | Malta: road diesel supply | 13,277 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Other crude origins | Spain | 2,674 | 20.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Spain's road diesel to Malta split by Spain's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Spain | 2,303 | 17.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Spain's road diesel to Malta split by Spain's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Mexico | Spain | 1,837 | 13.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Spain's road diesel to Malta split by Spain's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Brazil | Spain | 1,776 | 13.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Spain's road diesel to Malta split by Spain's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Spain | 1,708 | 12.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Spain's road diesel to Malta split by Spain's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Angola | Spain | 907 | 6.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Spain's road diesel to Malta split by Spain's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Spain | 888 | 6.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Spain's road diesel to Malta split by Spain's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Spain | 840 | 6.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Spain's road diesel to Malta split by Spain's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Spain: crude origin not reported | Spain | 343 | 2.6% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
Source & method
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-04 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the countries whose refineries made it. Right: Malta’s supply of road diesel in 2024-04, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2024-04 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-02 to 2024-04.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Spain: crude origin not reported (343 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only; fuel re-exported through a supplier is not followed further.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.