Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In January 2025, Malta's road diesel supply was 6.1 kt, all of it imported, from Kuwait (58%) and Spain (42%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Mexico (7%), Brazil (6%) and the United States (6%), and 59% cannot be traced.
Country
Mexico0.4 kt (est. 7%)Brazil0.4 kt (est. 6%)United States0.4 kt (est. 6%)Nigeria0.2 kt (est. 4%)Libya0.1 kt (est. 2%)Saudi Arabia0.1 kt (est. 2%)Venezuela0.1 kt (est. 2%)Other crude origins0.6 kt (est. 10%)Kuwait: no crude data3.5 kt (58%)Spain: crude origin not reported0.1 kt (1%)Kuwait3.5 kt (58%)Spain2.6 kt (42%)Malta: road diesel supply6.1 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
Where the fuel was refined
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kuwait | Malta: road diesel supply | 3,536 | 58.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Spain | Malta: road diesel supply | 2,559 | 42.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kuwait: no crude data | Kuwait | 3,536 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Other crude origins | Spain | 635 | 24.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Spain's road diesel to Malta split by Spain's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Mexico | Spain | 447 | 17.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Spain's road diesel to Malta split by Spain's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Brazil | Spain | 388 | 15.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Spain's road diesel to Malta split by Spain's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Spain | 375 | 14.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Spain's road diesel to Malta split by Spain's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Spain | 250 | 9.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Spain's road diesel to Malta split by Spain's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Spain | 148 | 5.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Spain's road diesel to Malta split by Spain's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Spain | 121 | 4.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Spain's road diesel to Malta split by Spain's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Venezuela | Spain | 120 | 4.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Spain's road diesel to Malta split by Spain's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Spain: crude origin not reported | Spain | 75 | 2.9% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
Source & method
Source Period 2025-01 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-01 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the countries whose refineries made it. Right: Malta’s supply of road diesel in 2025-01, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2025-01 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-11 to 2025-01.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Kuwait: no crude data (3,536 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Spain: crude origin not reported (75 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only; fuel re-exported through a supplier is not followed further.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.