Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In November 2025, Malta's road diesel supply was 13 kt, all of it imported, from Kuwait (58%) and Spain (42%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the United States (6%), and 58% cannot be traced.
Country
United States0.8 kt (est. 6%)Mexico0.6 kt (est. 4%)Nigeria0.6 kt (est. 4%)Brazil0.6 kt (est. 4%)Canada0.5 kt (est. 4%)Iraq0.4 kt (est. 3%)Algeria0.4 kt (est. 3%)Other crude origins1.7 kt (est. 13%)Kuwait: no crude data7.7 kt (58%)Smaller flows: crude not from importsless than 0.1 kt (<1%)Kuwait7.7 kt (58%)Spain5.6 kt (42%)Malta: road diesel supply13 kt (100%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Crude origin (estimate)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kuwait | Malta: road diesel supply | 7,669 | 58.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Spain | Malta: road diesel supply | 5,550 | 42.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kuwait: no crude data | Kuwait | 7,669 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Other crude origins | Spain | 1,736 | 31.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Spain's road diesel to Malta split by Spain's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Spain | 816 | 14.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Spain's road diesel to Malta split by Spain's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Mexico | Spain | 594 | 10.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Spain's road diesel to Malta split by Spain's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Spain | 572 | 10.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Spain's road diesel to Malta split by Spain's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Brazil | Spain | 569 | 10.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Spain's road diesel to Malta split by Spain's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Canada | Spain | 505 | 9.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Spain's road diesel to Malta split by Spain's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Spain | 383 | 6.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Spain's road diesel to Malta split by Spain's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Algeria | Spain | 355 | 6.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Spain's road diesel to Malta split by Spain's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Spain | 19 | 0.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
Source & method
Source Period 2025-11 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-11 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Malta’s supply of road diesel in 2025-11, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2025-11 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-09 to 2025-11.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Kuwait: no crude data (7,669 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (19 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.