Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In February 2024, Poland's road diesel supply was 1,556 kt: 69% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Germany (12%) and the Netherlands (6%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Saudi Arabia (36%), Norway (29%) and the United States (11%), and 5% cannot be traced.
Country
Saudi Arabia555 kt (est. 36%)Norway458 kt (est. 29%)United States167 kt (est. 11%)Nigeria125 kt (est. 8%)United Kingdom52 kt (est. 3%)Kazakhstan31 kt (est. 2%)Libya17 kt (est. 1%)Other crude origins66 kt (est. 4%)United States: no crude data55 kt (4%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported23 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports6.6 kt (<1%)Poland (own refineries)1.07 Mt (69%)Germany190 kt (12%)Netherlands98 kt (6%)Lithuania69 kt (4%)Sweden59 kt (4%)United States55 kt (4%)Hungary14 kt (<1%)Poland: road diesel supply1.56 Mt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Poland (own refineries)
- Germany
- Netherlands
- Lithuania
- Sweden
- United States
- Hungary
- Saudi Arabia555 kt (est. 36%)
- Norway458 kt (est. 29%)
- United States167 kt (est. 11%)
- Nigeria125 kt (est. 8%)
- United Kingdom52 kt (est. 3%)
- Kazakhstan31 kt (est. 2%)
- Libya17 kt (est. 1%)
- Other crude origins66 kt (est. 4%)
- United States: no crude data55 kt (4%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported23 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports6.6 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Poland (own refineries) | Poland: road diesel supply | 1,070,000 | 68.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Germany | Poland: road diesel supply | 189,846 | 12.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Poland: road diesel supply | 98,325 | 6.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Lithuania | Poland: road diesel supply | 69,374 | 4.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Poland: road diesel supply | 59,280 | 3.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United States | Poland: road diesel supply | 54,940 | 3.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Hungary | Poland: road diesel supply | 14,396 | 0.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Saudi Arabia | Poland (own refineries) | 519,289 | 48.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Poland split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Poland (own refineries) | 347,295 | 32.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Poland split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Poland (own refineries) | 104,189 | 9.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Poland split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Poland (own refineries) | 81,036 | 7.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Poland split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| United States: no crude data | United States | 54,940 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| United States | Germany | 42,596 | 22.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Poland split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 40,123 | 21.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Poland split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Sweden | 32,019 | 54.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Poland split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 30,703 | 16.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Poland split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Lithuania | 28,505 | 41.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's road diesel to Poland split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Netherlands | 28,210 | 28.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Poland split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Lithuania | 23,631 | 34.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's road diesel to Poland split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 23,344 | 12.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Poland split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 19,528 | 19.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Poland split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Poland (own refineries) | 16,538 | 1.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Poland split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 15,535 | 8.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Poland split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 15,163 | 15.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Poland split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Germany | 13,874 | 7.3% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 12,472 | 6.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Poland split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Hungary | 11,218 | 77.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Poland split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Sweden | 9,341 | 15.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Poland split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Lithuania | 8,596 | 12.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's road diesel to Poland split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Netherlands | 8,554 | 8.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Poland split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 8,176 | 8.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Poland split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Sweden | 7,294 | 12.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Poland split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Sweden | 6,862 | 11.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Poland split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 6,731 | 6.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Poland split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Netherlands | 6,085 | 6.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Poland split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 5,876 | 6.0% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United Kingdom | Lithuania | 5,746 | 8.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's road diesel to Poland split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Germany | 5,449 | 2.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Poland split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 4,132 | 2.2% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Lithuania | 2,896 | 4.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's road diesel to Poland split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Sweden | 2,781 | 4.7% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Hungary | 2,435 | 16.9% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Poland (own refineries) | 1,654 | 0.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Poland split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 1,618 | 0.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Poland split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Sweden | 983 | 1.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Poland split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary | 744 | 5.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Poland split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2024-02 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-02 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Poland’s supply of road diesel in 2024-02, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2024-02 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2023-12 to 2024-02.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- United States: no crude data (54,940 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (22,531 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (6,567 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.