Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In July 2024, Poland's road diesel supply was 1,712 kt: 65% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Germany (11%), Finland (8%) and the Netherlands (5%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Norway (34%), Saudi Arabia (33%) and the United States (7%), and 11% cannot be traced.
Country
Norway590 kt (est. 34%)Saudi Arabia560 kt (est. 33%)United States121 kt (est. 7%)United Kingdom108 kt (est. 6%)Kazakhstan55 kt (est. 3%)Libya25 kt (est. 1%)Iraq20 kt (est. 1%)Other crude origins53 kt (est. 3%)United States: no crude data72 kt (4%)Poland: crude not from imports68 kt (4%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported37 kt (2%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports3.6 kt (<1%)Poland (own refineries)1.11 Mt (65%)Germany186 kt (11%)Finland131 kt (8%)Netherlands92 kt (5%)Sweden81 kt (5%)United States72 kt (4%)Lithuania42 kt (2%)Hungary0.5 kt (<1%)Slovakia0.1 kt (<1%)Poland: road diesel supply1.71 Mt (100%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Poland (own refineries)
- Germany
- Finland
- Netherlands
- Sweden
- United States
- Lithuania
- Hungary
- Other (1)
- Norway590 kt (est. 34%)
- Saudi Arabia560 kt (est. 33%)
- United States121 kt (est. 7%)
- United Kingdom108 kt (est. 6%)
- Kazakhstan55 kt (est. 3%)
- Libya25 kt (est. 1%)
- Iraq20 kt (est. 1%)
- Other crude origins53 kt (est. 3%)
- United States: no crude data72 kt (4%)
- Poland: crude not from imports68 kt (4%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported37 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports3.6 kt (<1%)
Where the fuel was refined
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Poland (own refineries) | Poland: road diesel supply | 1,108,866 | 64.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Germany | Poland: road diesel supply | 185,513 | 10.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Finland | Poland: road diesel supply | 130,723 | 7.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Poland: road diesel supply | 91,980 | 5.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Poland: road diesel supply | 80,770 | 4.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Poland: road diesel supply | 71,814 | 4.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Lithuania | Poland: road diesel supply | 42,244 | 2.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Saudi Arabia | Poland (own refineries) | 529,791 | 47.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Poland split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Poland (own refineries) | 377,681 | 34.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Poland split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Finland | 105,381 | 80.6% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's road diesel to Poland split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| United States: no crude data | United States | 71,814 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Poland: crude not from imports | Poland (own refineries) | 67,834 | 6.1% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| United Kingdom | Poland (own refineries) | 62,994 | 5.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Poland split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Sweden | 48,206 | 59.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Poland split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Poland (own refineries) | 44,853 | 4.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Poland split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 35,908 | 19.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Poland split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 30,132 | 16.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Poland split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 25,312 | 13.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Poland split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Poland (own refineries) | 22,645 | 2.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Poland split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 22,493 | 12.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Poland split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 21,157 | 11.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Poland split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Netherlands | 21,012 | 22.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Poland split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Lithuania | 18,572 | 44.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's road diesel to Poland split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 15,468 | 8.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Poland split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 15,374 | 16.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Poland split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 14,726 | 16.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Poland split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Germany | 12,724 | 6.9% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United States | Sweden | 11,849 | 14.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Poland split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Germany | 11,089 | 6.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Poland split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Finland | 10,227 | 7.8% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 10,194 | 11.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Poland split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 10,173 | 11.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Poland split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Netherlands | 8,698 | 9.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Poland split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Finland | 8,197 | 6.3% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's road diesel to Poland split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Norway | Lithuania | 8,027 | 19.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's road diesel to Poland split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 7,737 | 4.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Poland split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Sweden | 7,330 | 9.1% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United Kingdom | Finland | 6,918 | 5.3% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's road diesel to Poland split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 6,827 | 7.4% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United Kingdom | Sweden | 6,518 | 8.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Poland split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Lithuania | 6,306 | 14.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's road diesel to Poland split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Lithuania | 4,705 | 11.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's road diesel to Poland split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Lithuania | 4,634 | 11.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's road diesel to Poland split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Netherlands | 4,313 | 4.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Poland split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Sweden | 4,016 | 5.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Poland split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 3,492 | 1.9% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Poland (own refineries) | 3,068 | 0.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Poland split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Sweden | 2,851 | 3.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Poland split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Netherlands | 663 | 0.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Poland split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Hungary | 342 | 72.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Poland split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia | 80 | 79.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Poland split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary | 64 | 13.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Poland split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Hungary | 63 | 13.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Slovakia | 20 | 20.2% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
2 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2024-07 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-07 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the countries whose refineries made it. Right: Poland’s supply of road diesel in 2024-07, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Dashed crude links rest partly on crude imports estimated from published euro values: a supplier did not publish its crude imports for some months of the window (docs/METHODOLOGY.md section 6.1). Customs basis, INFERRED. Method
Month: 2024-07 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-05 to 2024-07.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- United States: no crude data (71,814 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Poland: crude not from imports (67,834 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (37,108 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (3,576 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only; fuel re-exported through a supplier is not followed further.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.