Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In May 2025, Poland's petrol supply was 561 kt: 77% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Germany (16%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Norway (33%), Saudi Arabia (30%) and the United Kingdom (8%), and 8% cannot be traced.
Country
Norway186 kt (est. 33%)Saudi Arabia168 kt (est. 30%)United Kingdom43 kt (est. 8%)Algeria27 kt (est. 5%)Nigeria20 kt (est. 4%)Kazakhstan15 kt (est. 3%)United States13 kt (est. 2%)Other crude origins42 kt (est. 8%)Poland: crude origin not reported33 kt (6%)Germany: crude origin not reported7.2 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports5.4 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reportedless than 0.1 kt (<1%)Poland (own refineries)430 kt (77%)Germany89 kt (16%)Czechia19 kt (3%)Lithuania14 kt (3%)Hungary5.2 kt (<1%)Slovakia3.4 kt (<1%)Franceless than 0.1 kt (<1%)Poland: petrol supply561 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Norway186 kt (est. 33%)
- Saudi Arabia168 kt (est. 30%)
- United Kingdom43 kt (est. 8%)
- Algeria27 kt (est. 5%)
- Nigeria20 kt (est. 4%)
- Kazakhstan15 kt (est. 3%)
- United States13 kt (est. 2%)
- Other crude origins42 kt (est. 8%)
- Poland: crude origin not reported33 kt (6%)
- Germany: crude origin not reported7.2 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports5.4 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reportedless than 0.1 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Poland (own refineries) | Poland: petrol supply | 430,106 | 76.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Germany | Poland: petrol supply | 88,976 | 15.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Czechia | Poland: petrol supply | 18,769 | 3.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Lithuania | Poland: petrol supply | 14,220 | 2.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Hungary | Poland: petrol supply | 5,162 | 0.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Poland: petrol supply | 3,373 | 0.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Norway | Poland (own refineries) | 164,630 | 38.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's petrol to Poland split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Poland (own refineries) | 159,075 | 37.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's petrol to Poland split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Poland: crude origin not reported | Poland (own refineries) | 32,979 | 7.7% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United Kingdom | Poland (own refineries) | 31,132 | 7.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's petrol to Poland split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 26,651 | 30.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Poland split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Algeria | Poland (own refineries) | 23,786 | 5.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's petrol to Poland split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Poland (own refineries) | 17,080 | 4.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's petrol to Poland split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 14,669 | 16.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Poland split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 12,762 | 14.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Poland split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 10,942 | 12.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Poland split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 9,582 | 10.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Poland split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Czechia | 8,583 | 45.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Poland split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Germany: crude origin not reported | Germany | 7,226 | 8.1% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Saudi Arabia | Lithuania | 6,418 | 45.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's petrol to Poland split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Lithuania | 4,210 | 29.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's petrol to Poland split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Hungary | 3,984 | 77.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Poland split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia | 3,362 | 17.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Poland split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Germany | 3,247 | 3.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Poland split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia | 3,240 | 96.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Poland split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Czechia | 2,936 | 15.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Norway | Czechia | 2,633 | 14.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Poland split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Algeria | Germany | 2,323 | 2.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Poland split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Lithuania | 1,833 | 12.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's petrol to Poland split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 1,574 | 1.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Poland split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Poland (own refineries) | 1,424 | 0.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Saudi Arabia | Czechia | 1,255 | 6.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Poland split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Algeria | Lithuania | 1,087 | 7.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's petrol to Poland split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Hungary | 885 | 17.1% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| United States | Lithuania | 584 | 4.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's petrol to Poland split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary | 293 | 5.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Poland split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Lithuania | 88 | 0.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Saudi Arabia | Slovakia | 83 | 2.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Poland split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Slovakia | 51 | 1.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | France | 2 | 31.2% | EstimatedEstimate: France's petrol to Poland split by France's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | France | 1 | 20.1% | EstimatedEstimate: France's petrol to Poland split by France's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | France | 1 | 14.3% | EstimatedEstimate: France's petrol to Poland split by France's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | France | 1 | 14.2% | EstimatedEstimate: France's petrol to Poland split by France's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Algeria | France | 1 | 9.0% | EstimatedEstimate: France's petrol to Poland split by France's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | France | 0 | 6.2% | EstimatedEstimate: France's petrol to Poland split by France's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | France | 0 | 2.9% | EstimatedEstimate: France's petrol to Poland split by France's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | France | 0 | 1.8% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | France | 0 | 0.4% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2025-05 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-05 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Poland’s supply of petrol in 2025-05, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2025-05 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-03 to 2025-05.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Poland: crude origin not reported (32,979 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Germany: crude origin not reported (7,226 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (5,384 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (0 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.