Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In September 2025, Poland's petrol supply was 517 kt: 72% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Germany (19%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Saudi Arabia (37%), Norway (30%) and Guyana (8%), and 2% cannot be traced.
Country
Saudi Arabia193 kt (est. 37%)Norway153 kt (est. 30%)Guyana41 kt (est. 8%)United Kingdom23 kt (est. 4%)Kazakhstan20 kt (est. 4%)Libya17 kt (est. 3%)United States14 kt (est. 3%)Other crude origins46 kt (est. 9%)Germany: crude origin not reported7.4 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports2.7 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.3 kt (<1%)Poland (own refineries)371 kt (72%)Germany99 kt (19%)Czechia24 kt (5%)Lithuania12 kt (2%)Netherlands4.6 kt (<1%)Slovakia3.4 kt (<1%)Hungary2.5 kt (<1%)Poland: petrol supply517 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Poland (own refineries)
- Germany
- Czechia
- Lithuania
- Netherlands
- Slovakia
- Hungary
- Saudi Arabia193 kt (est. 37%)
- Norway153 kt (est. 30%)
- Guyana41 kt (est. 8%)
- United Kingdom23 kt (est. 4%)
- Kazakhstan20 kt (est. 4%)
- Libya17 kt (est. 3%)
- United States14 kt (est. 3%)
- Other crude origins46 kt (est. 9%)
- Germany: crude origin not reported7.4 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports2.7 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.3 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Poland (own refineries) | Poland: petrol supply | 370,702 | 71.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Germany | Poland: petrol supply | 99,280 | 19.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Czechia | Poland: petrol supply | 23,861 | 4.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Lithuania | Poland: petrol supply | 12,463 | 2.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Poland: petrol supply | 4,609 | 0.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Poland: petrol supply | 3,358 | 0.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Hungary | Poland: petrol supply | 2,453 | 0.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Saudi Arabia | Poland (own refineries) | 184,676 | 49.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's petrol to Poland split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Poland (own refineries) | 128,355 | 34.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's petrol to Poland split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Poland (own refineries) | 40,871 | 11.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's petrol to Poland split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 21,325 | 21.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Poland split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 16,727 | 16.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Poland split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 13,972 | 14.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Poland split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 13,195 | 13.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Poland split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 12,979 | 13.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Poland split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Poland (own refineries) | 10,162 | 2.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's petrol to Poland split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Czechia | 10,118 | 42.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Poland split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 9,232 | 9.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Poland split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Czechia | 7,692 | 32.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Poland split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Germany: crude origin not reported | Germany | 7,378 | 7.4% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Other crude origins | Poland (own refineries) | 6,638 | 1.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's petrol to Poland split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia | 4,618 | 19.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Poland split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Lithuania | 4,562 | 36.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's petrol to Poland split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia | 3,276 | 97.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Poland split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Lithuania | 3,184 | 25.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's petrol to Poland split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Lithuania | 2,974 | 23.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's petrol to Poland split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 2,338 | 2.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 2,133 | 2.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Poland split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Hungary | 1,754 | 71.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Poland split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Lithuania | 1,743 | 14.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's petrol to Poland split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Czechia | 1,434 | 6.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Poland split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 1,357 | 29.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Poland split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 946 | 20.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Poland split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Netherlands | 903 | 19.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Poland split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 690 | 15.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Poland split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 376 | 8.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Poland split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary | 365 | 14.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Poland split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Hungary | 335 | 13.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 285 | 6.2% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Saudi Arabia | Slovakia | 82 | 2.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Poland split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Netherlands | 52 | 1.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Poland split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2025-09 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-09 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Poland’s supply of petrol in 2025-09, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2025-09 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-07 to 2025-09.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Germany: crude origin not reported (7,378 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (2,673 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (285 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.