Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In November 2025, Poland's road diesel supply was 1,660 kt: 64% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Germany (12%) and the Netherlands (7%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Saudi Arabia (36%), Norway (31%) and Guyana (5%), and 8% cannot be traced.
Country
Saudi Arabia591 kt (est. 36%)Norway517 kt (est. 31%)Guyana88 kt (est. 5%)Kazakhstan69 kt (est. 4%)United States65 kt (est. 4%)United Kingdom57 kt (est. 3%)Libya33 kt (est. 2%)Other crude origins105 kt (est. 6%)United States: no crude data80 kt (5%)Germany: crude origin not reported20 kt (1%)Smaller flows: no crude data12 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported12 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports11 kt (<1%)Poland (own refineries)1.06 Mt (64%)Germany206 kt (12%)Netherlands120 kt (7%)United States80 kt (5%)Belgium60 kt (4%)Lithuania47 kt (3%)Finland39 kt (2%)Czechia19 kt (1%)Austria14 kt (<1%)Canada9.8 kt (<1%)Other suppliers4.4 kt (<1%)Poland: road diesel supply1.66 Mt (100%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Poland (own refineries)
- Germany
- Netherlands
- United States
- Belgium
- Lithuania
- Finland
- Czechia
- Other (4)
- Saudi Arabia591 kt (est. 36%)
- Norway517 kt (est. 31%)
- Guyana88 kt (est. 5%)
- Kazakhstan69 kt (est. 4%)
- United States65 kt (est. 4%)
- United Kingdom57 kt (est. 3%)
- Libya33 kt (est. 2%)
- Other crude origins105 kt (est. 6%)
- United States: no crude data80 kt (5%)
- Germany: crude origin not reported20 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: no crude data12 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported12 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports11 kt (<1%)
Where the fuel was refined
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Poland (own refineries) | Poland: road diesel supply | 1,060,741 | 63.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Germany | Poland: road diesel supply | 205,976 | 12.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Poland: road diesel supply | 120,206 | 7.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Poland: road diesel supply | 80,095 | 4.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Poland: road diesel supply | 59,654 | 3.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Lithuania | Poland: road diesel supply | 47,152 | 2.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Finland | Poland: road diesel supply | 38,905 | 2.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Czechia | Poland: road diesel supply | 19,267 | 1.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Austria | Poland: road diesel supply | 13,695 | 0.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Canada | Poland: road diesel supply | 9,768 | 0.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other suppliers | Poland: road diesel supply | 4,435 | 0.3% | Summed by usSum of the smaller suppliers' published imports. |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Saudi Arabia | Poland (own refineries) | 563,219 | 53.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Poland split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Poland (own refineries) | 402,614 | 38.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Poland split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Poland (own refineries) | 80,450 | 7.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Poland split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United States: no crude data | United States | 80,095 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 40,887 | 19.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Poland split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 31,864 | 26.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Poland split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 31,786 | 15.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Poland split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 30,615 | 14.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Poland split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 29,734 | 14.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Poland split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Finland | 29,084 | 74.8% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's road diesel to Poland split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| United States | Germany | 27,449 | 13.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Poland split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Netherlands | 26,827 | 22.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Poland split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 21,583 | 18.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Poland split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Lithuania | 21,430 | 45.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's road diesel to Poland split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 20,682 | 10.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Poland split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Germany: crude origin not reported | Germany | 19,957 | 9.7% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 17,613 | 14.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Poland split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Belgium | 16,089 | 27.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Poland split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Belgium | 14,669 | 24.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Poland split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Poland (own refineries) | 14,458 | 1.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Poland split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Lithuania | 13,559 | 28.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's road diesel to Poland split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium | 10,477 | 17.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Poland split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 10,248 | 8.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Poland split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: no crude data | Canada | 9,768 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| United States | Belgium | 8,188 | 13.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Poland split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 7,762 | 6.5% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 7,570 | 55.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Poland split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Czechia | 7,202 | 37.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Poland split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Lithuania | 6,355 | 13.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's road diesel to Poland split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Lithuania | 5,808 | 12.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's road diesel to Poland split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Belgium | 5,218 | 8.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Poland split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Finland | 4,708 | 12.1% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's road diesel to Poland split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Netherlands | 4,309 | 3.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Belgium | 3,985 | 6.7% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia | 3,877 | 20.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Poland split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Czechia | 3,413 | 17.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Poland split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 3,254 | 1.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Saudi Arabia | Czechia | 3,074 | 16.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Poland split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: no crude data | Other suppliers | 2,696 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Guyana | Finland | 2,025 | 5.2% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's road diesel to Poland split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Libya | Austria | 1,930 | 14.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Poland split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Finland | 1,742 | 4.5% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's road diesel to Poland split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Other crude origins | Austria | 1,705 | 12.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Poland split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Czechia | 1,701 | 8.8% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 1,611 | 0.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Poland split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Finland | 1,346 | 3.5% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's road diesel to Poland split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Saudi Arabia | Austria | 1,171 | 8.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Poland split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Belgium | 983 | 1.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Poland split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Austria | 790 | 5.8% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Norway | Other suppliers | 625 | 35.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Other suppliers's road diesel to Poland split by Other suppliers's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Other suppliers | 593 | 34.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Other suppliers's road diesel to Poland split by Other suppliers's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Austria | 528 | 3.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Poland split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Other suppliers | 476 | 27.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| United Kingdom | Other suppliers | 44 | 2.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Other suppliers's road diesel to Poland split by Other suppliers's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
3 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2025-11 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceLowMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · low
Provenance
Inferred · lowLow- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-11 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · low
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the countries whose refineries made it. Right: Poland’s supply of road diesel in 2025-11, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Dashed crude links rest partly on crude imports estimated from published euro values: a supplier did not publish its crude imports for some months of the window (docs/METHODOLOGY.md section 6.1). Customs basis, INFERRED. Method
Month: 2025-11 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-09 to 2025-11.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- United States: no crude data (80,095 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Germany: crude origin not reported (19,957 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: no crude data (12,464 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (11,748 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (10,569 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only; fuel re-exported through a supplier is not followed further.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.