Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In November 2025, Poland's petrol supply was 441 kt: 77% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Germany (17%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Saudi Arabia (42%), Norway (33%) and Guyana (6%), and 2% cannot be traced.
Country
Saudi Arabia185 kt (est. 42%)Norway144 kt (est. 33%)Guyana26 kt (est. 6%)Kazakhstan16 kt (est. 4%)United Kingdom12 kt (est. 3%)Libya12 kt (est. 3%)United States10 kt (est. 2%)Other crude origins27 kt (est. 6%)Germany: crude origin not reported7.4 kt (2%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports2.9 kt (<1%)Poland (own refineries)340 kt (77%)Germany76 kt (17%)Czechia18 kt (4%)Slovakia5.3 kt (1%)Austria2.3 kt (<1%)Poland: petrol supply441 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Poland (own refineries)
- Germany
- Czechia
- Slovakia
- Austria
- Saudi Arabia185 kt (est. 42%)
- Norway144 kt (est. 33%)
- Guyana26 kt (est. 6%)
- Kazakhstan16 kt (est. 4%)
- United Kingdom12 kt (est. 3%)
- Libya12 kt (est. 3%)
- United States10 kt (est. 2%)
- Other crude origins27 kt (est. 6%)
- Germany: crude origin not reported7.4 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports2.9 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Poland (own refineries) | Poland: petrol supply | 339,619 | 77.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Germany | Poland: petrol supply | 76,016 | 17.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Czechia | Poland: petrol supply | 17,999 | 4.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Poland: petrol supply | 5,331 | 1.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Austria | Poland: petrol supply | 2,277 | 0.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Saudi Arabia | Poland (own refineries) | 180,327 | 53.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's petrol to Poland split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Poland (own refineries) | 128,906 | 38.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's petrol to Poland split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Poland (own refineries) | 25,758 | 7.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's petrol to Poland split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 15,090 | 19.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Poland split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 11,731 | 15.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Poland split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 11,299 | 14.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Poland split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 10,973 | 14.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Poland split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 10,130 | 13.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Poland split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 7,633 | 10.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Poland split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Germany: crude origin not reported | Germany | 7,365 | 9.7% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Other crude origins | Czechia | 6,728 | 37.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Poland split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia | 4,795 | 89.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Poland split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Poland (own refineries) | 4,629 | 1.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's petrol to Poland split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia | 3,621 | 20.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Poland split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Czechia | 3,188 | 17.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Poland split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Czechia | 2,872 | 16.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Poland split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Czechia | 1,589 | 8.8% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 1,259 | 55.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Poland split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 1,201 | 1.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 595 | 0.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Poland split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Slovakia | 536 | 10.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Poland split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria | 321 | 14.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Poland split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Austria | 284 | 12.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Poland split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Austria | 195 | 8.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Poland split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Austria | 131 | 5.8% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Guyana | Austria | 88 | 3.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Poland split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2025-11 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-11 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Poland’s supply of petrol in 2025-11, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2025-11 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-09 to 2025-11.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Germany: crude origin not reported (7,365 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (2,922 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.