Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In February 2026, Poland's road diesel supply was 1,560 kt: 64% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Germany (12%), the United States (6%) and the Netherlands (6%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Saudi Arabia (30%), Norway (28%) and the United States (7%), and 18% cannot be traced.
Country
Saudi Arabia464 kt (est. 30%)Norway436 kt (est. 28%)United States104 kt (est. 7%)Guyana89 kt (est. 6%)United Kingdom67 kt (est. 4%)Kazakhstan36 kt (est. 2%)Libya27 kt (est. 2%)Other crude origins64 kt (est. 4%)United States: no crude data94 kt (6%)Poland: crude not from imports89 kt (6%)Origin not reported: crude unknown41 kt (3%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports20 kt (1%)Denmark: crude not from imports17 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported13 kt (<1%)Poland (own refineries)1.00 Mt (64%)Germany182 kt (12%)United States94 kt (6%)Netherlands88 kt (6%)Denmark59 kt (4%)Sweden49 kt (3%)Lithuania28 kt (2%)Hungary14 kt (<1%)Austria4.5 kt (<1%)Imports, origin not reported41 kt (3%)Poland: road diesel supply1.56 Mt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Poland (own refineries)
- Germany
- United States
- Netherlands
- Denmark
- Sweden
- Lithuania
- Hungary
- Other (2)
- Saudi Arabia464 kt (est. 30%)
- Norway436 kt (est. 28%)
- United States104 kt (est. 7%)
- Guyana89 kt (est. 6%)
- United Kingdom67 kt (est. 4%)
- Kazakhstan36 kt (est. 2%)
- Libya27 kt (est. 2%)
- Other crude origins64 kt (est. 4%)
- United States: no crude data94 kt (6%)
- Poland: crude not from imports89 kt (6%)
- Origin not reported: crude unknown41 kt (3%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports20 kt (1%)
- Denmark: crude not from imports17 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported13 kt (<1%)
Where the fuel was refined
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Poland (own refineries) | Poland: road diesel supply | 1,000,357 | 64.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Germany | Poland: road diesel supply | 181,849 | 11.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Poland: road diesel supply | 94,256 | 6.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Poland: road diesel supply | 87,685 | 5.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Denmark | Poland: road diesel supply | 59,261 | 3.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Poland: road diesel supply | 49,200 | 3.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Imports, origin not reported | Poland: road diesel supply | 40,637 | 2.6% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Lithuania | Poland: road diesel supply | 27,651 | 1.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Hungary | Poland: road diesel supply | 14,419 | 0.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Austria | Poland: road diesel supply | 4,514 | 0.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Saudi Arabia | Poland (own refineries) | 449,432 | 44.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Poland split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Poland (own refineries) | 329,614 | 32.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Poland split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| United States: no crude data | United States | 94,256 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Poland: crude not from imports | Poland (own refineries) | 89,088 | 8.9% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Guyana | Poland (own refineries) | 76,214 | 7.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Poland split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Origin not reported: crude unknown | Imports, origin not reported | 40,637 | 100.0% | UnknownThe statistics did not say which country these imports came from. |
| United States | Germany | 29,226 | 16.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Poland split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Poland (own refineries) | 28,217 | 2.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Poland split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 27,900 | 15.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Poland split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Poland (own refineries) | 27,791 | 2.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Poland split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 27,562 | 15.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Poland split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Sweden | 27,535 | 56.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Poland split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 27,112 | 14.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Poland split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 25,089 | 13.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Poland split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 25,042 | 28.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Poland split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Denmark | 24,649 | 41.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's road diesel to Poland split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Netherlands | 22,233 | 25.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Poland split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 20,123 | 11.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Poland split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 18,828 | 21.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Poland split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Denmark: crude not from imports | Denmark | 17,030 | 28.7% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Saudi Arabia | Lithuania | 13,487 | 48.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's road diesel to Poland split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Denmark | 13,343 | 22.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's road diesel to Poland split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Germany | 12,482 | 6.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Poland split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Sweden | 10,955 | 22.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Poland split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Hungary | 8,140 | 56.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Norway | Lithuania | 7,660 | 27.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's road diesel to Poland split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 6,991 | 8.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Poland split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 6,973 | 8.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Poland split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 6,359 | 7.3% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Other crude origins | Hungary | 6,279 | 43.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Poland split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Germany | 6,241 | 3.4% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Sweden | 5,596 | 11.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 5,415 | 3.0% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| United Kingdom | Lithuania | 5,339 | 19.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's road diesel to Poland split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Sweden | 5,114 | 10.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Poland split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Denmark | 3,180 | 5.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's road diesel to Poland split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 1,652 | 36.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Poland split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Netherlands | 1,234 | 1.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Poland split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Denmark | 1,060 | 1.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's road diesel to Poland split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Lithuania | 1,036 | 3.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's road diesel to Poland split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria | 863 | 19.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Poland split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 699 | 0.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Poland split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Austria | 654 | 14.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Poland split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Austria | 460 | 10.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Poland split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Austria | 397 | 8.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Poland split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Austria | 313 | 6.9% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| United States | Austria | 175 | 3.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Poland split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Lithuania | 129 | 0.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2026-02 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2026-02 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the countries whose refineries made it. Right: Poland’s supply of road diesel in 2026-02, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2026-02 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-12 to 2026-02.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- United States: no crude data (94,256 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Poland: crude not from imports (89,088 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Origin not reported: crude unknown (40,637 t): The statistics did not say which country these imports came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (19,593 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Denmark: crude not from imports (17,030 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (12,600 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Imports, origin not reported (40,637 t): The statistics did not say which country these imports came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only; fuel re-exported through a supplier is not followed further.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.