Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In February 2026, Poland's petrol supply was 438 kt: 77% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Germany (17%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Saudi Arabia (35%), Norway (28%) and Guyana (7%), and 13% cannot be traced.
Country
Saudi Arabia153 kt (est. 35%)Norway123 kt (est. 28%)Guyana31 kt (est. 7%)United States22 kt (est. 5%)United Kingdom18 kt (est. 4%)Kazakhstan12 kt (est. 3%)Libya10 kt (est. 2%)Other crude origins13 kt (est. 3%)Poland: crude not from imports30 kt (7%)Origin not reported: crude unknown22 kt (5%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports3.6 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported2.6 kt (<1%)Poland (own refineries)337 kt (77%)Germany74 kt (17%)Hungary2.4 kt (<1%)Lithuania1.6 kt (<1%)Austria1.1 kt (<1%)Imports, origin not reported22 kt (5%)Poland: petrol supply438 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Poland (own refineries)
- Germany
- Hungary
- Lithuania
- Austria
- Other (1)
- Saudi Arabia153 kt (est. 35%)
- Norway123 kt (est. 28%)
- Guyana31 kt (est. 7%)
- United States22 kt (est. 5%)
- United Kingdom18 kt (est. 4%)
- Kazakhstan12 kt (est. 3%)
- Libya10 kt (est. 2%)
- Other crude origins13 kt (est. 3%)
- Poland: crude not from imports30 kt (7%)
- Origin not reported: crude unknown22 kt (5%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports3.6 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported2.6 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Poland (own refineries) | Poland: petrol supply | 337,275 | 76.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Germany | Poland: petrol supply | 74,456 | 17.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Imports, origin not reported | Poland: petrol supply | 21,584 | 4.9% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Hungary | Poland: petrol supply | 2,359 | 0.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Lithuania | Poland: petrol supply | 1,598 | 0.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Austria | Poland: petrol supply | 1,147 | 0.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Saudi Arabia | Poland (own refineries) | 151,528 | 44.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's petrol to Poland split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Poland (own refineries) | 111,131 | 32.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's petrol to Poland split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Poland: crude not from imports | Poland (own refineries) | 30,037 | 8.9% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Guyana | Poland (own refineries) | 25,696 | 7.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's petrol to Poland split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Origin not reported: crude unknown | Imports, origin not reported | 21,584 | 100.0% | UnknownThe statistics did not say which country these imports came from. |
| United States | Germany | 11,966 | 16.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Poland split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 11,424 | 15.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Poland split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 11,285 | 15.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Poland split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 11,101 | 14.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Poland split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 10,273 | 13.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Poland split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Poland (own refineries) | 9,514 | 2.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's petrol to Poland split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Poland (own refineries) | 9,370 | 2.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's petrol to Poland split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 8,239 | 11.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Poland split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Germany | 5,110 | 6.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Poland split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Germany | 2,555 | 3.4% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 2,217 | 3.0% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Hungary | 1,332 | 56.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Hungary | 1,027 | 43.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Poland split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Lithuania | 779 | 48.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's petrol to Poland split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Lithuania | 443 | 27.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's petrol to Poland split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 420 | 36.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Poland split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Lithuania | 309 | 19.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's petrol to Poland split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 286 | 0.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Poland split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria | 219 | 19.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Poland split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Austria | 166 | 14.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Poland split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Austria | 117 | 10.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Poland split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Austria | 101 | 8.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Poland split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Austria | 79 | 6.9% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Lithuania | 60 | 3.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's petrol to Poland split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Austria | 44 | 3.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Poland split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Lithuania | 7 | 0.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
Source & method
Source Period 2026-02 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2026-02 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Poland’s supply of petrol in 2026-02, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2026-02 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-12 to 2026-02.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Poland: crude not from imports (30,037 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Origin not reported: crude unknown (21,584 t): The statistics did not say which country these imports came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (3,636 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (2,555 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Imports, origin not reported (21,584 t): The statistics did not say which country these imports came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.