Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In March 2026, Poland's road diesel supply was 1,787 kt: 56% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Germany (13%), Finland (7%) and the Netherlands (6%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Norway (33%), Saudi Arabia (26%) and Guyana (7%), and 15% cannot be traced.
Country
Norway588 kt (est. 33%)Saudi Arabia466 kt (est. 26%)Guyana133 kt (est. 7%)United States113 kt (est. 6%)United Kingdom51 kt (est. 3%)Kazakhstan36 kt (est. 2%)Algeria29 kt (est. 2%)Other crude origins106 kt (est. 6%)Poland: crude not from imports65 kt (4%)Kuwait: no crude data63 kt (4%)United States: no crude data56 kt (3%)Origin not reported: crude unknown35 kt (2%)Smaller flows: no crude data28 kt (2%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports8.3 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported8.0 kt (<1%)Poland (own refineries)1.00 Mt (56%)Germany228 kt (13%)Finland125 kt (7%)Netherlands107 kt (6%)Sweden98 kt (5%)Kuwait63 kt (4%)United States56 kt (3%)Lithuania35 kt (2%)Saudi Arabia15 kt (<1%)Canada12 kt (<1%)Other suppliers9.4 kt (<1%)Imports, origin not reported35 kt (2%)Poland: road diesel supply1.79 Mt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Poland (own refineries)
- Germany
- Finland
- Netherlands
- Sweden
- Kuwait
- United States
- Lithuania
- Other (5)
- Norway588 kt (est. 33%)
- Saudi Arabia466 kt (est. 26%)
- Guyana133 kt (est. 7%)
- United States113 kt (est. 6%)
- United Kingdom51 kt (est. 3%)
- Kazakhstan36 kt (est. 2%)
- Algeria29 kt (est. 2%)
- Other crude origins106 kt (est. 6%)
- Poland: crude not from imports65 kt (4%)
- Kuwait: no crude data63 kt (4%)
- United States: no crude data56 kt (3%)
- Origin not reported: crude unknown35 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: no crude data28 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports8.3 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported8.0 kt (<1%)
Where the fuel was refined
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Poland (own refineries) | Poland: road diesel supply | 1,002,424 | 56.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Germany | Poland: road diesel supply | 227,857 | 12.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Finland | Poland: road diesel supply | 125,012 | 7.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Poland: road diesel supply | 106,537 | 6.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Poland: road diesel supply | 98,104 | 5.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Poland: road diesel supply | 62,949 | 3.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Poland: road diesel supply | 56,035 | 3.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Imports, origin not reported | Poland: road diesel supply | 35,432 | 2.0% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Lithuania | Poland: road diesel supply | 35,411 | 2.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Poland: road diesel supply | 15,209 | 0.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Canada | Poland: road diesel supply | 12,292 | 0.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other suppliers | Poland: road diesel supply | 9,436 | 0.5% | Summed by usSum of the smaller suppliers' published imports. |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Saudi Arabia | Poland (own refineries) | 440,752 | 44.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Poland split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Poland (own refineries) | 358,674 | 35.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Poland split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Finland | 103,869 | 83.1% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's road diesel to Poland split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Guyana | Poland (own refineries) | 102,552 | 10.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Poland split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Poland: crude not from imports | Poland (own refineries) | 64,623 | 6.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Kuwait: no crude data | Kuwait | 62,949 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 60,712 | 26.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Poland split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| United States: no crude data | United States | 56,035 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Norway | Sweden | 48,919 | 49.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Poland split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 41,292 | 18.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Poland split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 37,262 | 16.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Poland split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Origin not reported: crude unknown | Imports, origin not reported | 35,432 | 100.0% | UnknownThe statistics did not say which country these imports came from. |
| United States | Sweden | 30,201 | 30.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Poland split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 28,984 | 27.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Poland split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 27,981 | 12.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Poland split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 24,836 | 10.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Poland split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Netherlands | 24,026 | 22.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Poland split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 23,539 | 22.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Poland split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Germany | 21,574 | 9.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Poland split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Algeria | Poland (own refineries) | 20,316 | 2.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Poland split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Lithuania | 18,571 | 52.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's road diesel to Poland split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Poland (own refineries) | 15,507 | 1.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Poland split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: no crude data | Saudi Arabia | 15,209 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| United Kingdom | Sweden | 13,152 | 13.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Poland split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: no crude data | Canada | 12,292 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Other crude origins | Finland | 11,994 | 9.6% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's road diesel to Poland split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Norway | Lithuania | 10,566 | 29.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's road diesel to Poland split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 9,848 | 9.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Poland split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 7,967 | 7.5% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 7,431 | 7.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Poland split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 5,443 | 2.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Guyana | Finland | 5,201 | 4.2% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's road diesel to Poland split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Algeria | Germany | 4,433 | 1.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Poland split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 4,324 | 1.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Poland split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Finland | 3,949 | 3.2% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's road diesel to Poland split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| United Kingdom | Lithuania | 3,030 | 8.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's road diesel to Poland split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Sweden | 2,939 | 3.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Poland split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Sweden | 2,893 | 2.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Poland split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Netherlands | 2,696 | 2.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Poland split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Algeria | Lithuania | 2,691 | 7.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's road diesel to Poland split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Other suppliers | 2,253 | 44.2% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Algeria | Netherlands | 2,046 | 1.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Poland split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Other suppliers | 1,848 | 42.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Other suppliers's road diesel to Poland split by Other suppliers's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Other suppliers | 1,666 | 31.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Other suppliers's road diesel to Poland split by Other suppliers's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Other suppliers | 1,556 | 28.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Other suppliers's road diesel to Poland split by Other suppliers's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Other suppliers | 1,019 | 25.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Other suppliers's road diesel to Poland split by Other suppliers's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Other suppliers | 616 | 14.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Other suppliers's road diesel to Poland split by Other suppliers's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Lithuania | 554 | 1.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Guyana | Other suppliers | 355 | 9.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Other suppliers's road diesel to Poland split by Other suppliers's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Other suppliers | 111 | 2.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Other suppliers's road diesel to Poland split by Other suppliers's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Algeria | Other suppliers | 12 | 0.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Other suppliers's road diesel to Poland split by Other suppliers's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2026-03 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2026-03 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the countries whose refineries made it. Right: Poland’s supply of road diesel in 2026-03, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Dashed crude links rest partly on crude imports estimated from published euro values: a supplier did not publish its crude imports for some months of the window (docs/METHODOLOGY.md section 6.1). Customs basis, INFERRED. Method
Month: 2026-03 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2026-01 to 2026-03.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Poland: crude not from imports (64,623 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Kuwait: no crude data (62,949 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- United States: no crude data (56,035 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Origin not reported: crude unknown (35,432 t): The statistics did not say which country these imports came from.
- Smaller flows: no crude data (27,501 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (8,250 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (7,967 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Imports, origin not reported (35,432 t): The statistics did not say which country these imports came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only; fuel re-exported through a supplier is not followed further.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.