Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In March 2026, Poland's jet fuel supply was 99 kt: 99% from its own refineries; tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Saudi Arabia (43%), Norway (35%) and Guyana (10%), and 7% cannot be traced.
Country
Saudi Arabia43 kt (est. 43%)Norway35 kt (est. 35%)Guyana10 kt (est. 10%)Algeria2.0 kt (est. 2%)United States1.5 kt (est. 2%)Nigerialess than 0.1 kt (est. <1%)Kazakhstanless than 0.1 kt (est. <1%)Other crude originsless than 0.1 kt (est. <1%)Poland: crude not from imports6.3 kt (6%)Origin not reported: crude unknown1.1 kt (1%)Poland (own refineries)98 kt (99%)Belgium0.2 kt (<1%)Imports, origin not reported1.1 kt (1%)Poland: jet fuel supply99 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Poland (own refineries)
- Belgium
- Other (1)
- Saudi Arabia43 kt (est. 43%)
- Norway35 kt (est. 35%)
- Guyana10 kt (est. 10%)
- Algeria2.0 kt (est. 2%)
- United States1.5 kt (est. 2%)
- Nigerialess than 0.1 kt (est. <1%)
- Kazakhstanless than 0.1 kt (est. <1%)
- Other crude originsless than 0.1 kt (est. <1%)
- Poland: crude not from imports6.3 kt (6%)
- Origin not reported: crude unknown1.1 kt (1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Poland (own refineries) | Poland: jet fuel supply | 97,739 | 98.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Imports, origin not reported | Poland: jet fuel supply | 1,090 | 1.1% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Belgium | Poland: jet fuel supply | 153 | 0.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Saudi Arabia | Poland (own refineries) | 42,974 | 44.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's jet fuel to Poland split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Poland (own refineries) | 34,972 | 35.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's jet fuel to Poland split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Poland (own refineries) | 9,999 | 10.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's jet fuel to Poland split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Poland: crude not from imports | Poland (own refineries) | 6,301 | 6.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Algeria | Poland (own refineries) | 1,981 | 2.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's jet fuel to Poland split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Poland (own refineries) | 1,512 | 1.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's jet fuel to Poland split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Origin not reported: crude unknown | Imports, origin not reported | 1,090 | 100.0% | UnknownThe statistics did not say which country these imports came from. |
| Norway | Belgium | 57 | 37.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Poland split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Belgium | 30 | 19.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Poland split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Belgium | 28 | 18.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Poland split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Belgium | 15 | 9.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Poland split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium | 11 | 7.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Poland split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Belgium | 9 | 5.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Poland split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Belgium | 4 | 2.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Poland split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2026-03 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2026-03 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Poland’s supply of jet fuel in 2026-03, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2026-03 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2026-01 to 2026-03.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Poland: crude not from imports (6,301 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Origin not reported: crude unknown (1,090 t): The statistics did not say which country these imports came from.
- Imports, origin not reported (1,090 t): The statistics did not say which country these imports came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.