Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In March 2026, Poland's petrol supply was 489 kt: 74% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Germany (20%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Saudi Arabia (34%), Norway (31%) and Guyana (9%), and 9% cannot be traced.
Country
Saudi Arabia166 kt (est. 34%)Norway150 kt (est. 31%)Guyana46 kt (est. 9%)United States22 kt (est. 4%)Kazakhstan12 kt (est. 3%)United Kingdom12 kt (est. 2%)Libya12 kt (est. 2%)Other crude origins25 kt (est. 5%)Poland: crude not from imports23 kt (5%)Origin not reported: crude unknown18 kt (4%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports2.6 kt (<1%)Poland (own refineries)361 kt (74%)Germany97 kt (20%)Lithuania11 kt (2%)Austria1.1 kt (<1%)Imports, origin not reported18 kt (4%)Poland: petrol supply489 kt (100%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Poland (own refineries)
- Germany
- Lithuania
- Austria
- Other (1)
- Saudi Arabia166 kt (est. 34%)
- Norway150 kt (est. 31%)
- Guyana46 kt (est. 9%)
- United States22 kt (est. 4%)
- Kazakhstan12 kt (est. 3%)
- United Kingdom12 kt (est. 2%)
- Libya12 kt (est. 2%)
- Other crude origins25 kt (est. 5%)
- Poland: crude not from imports23 kt (5%)
- Origin not reported: crude unknown18 kt (4%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports2.6 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Poland (own refineries) | Poland: petrol supply | 361,107 | 73.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Germany | Poland: petrol supply | 97,298 | 19.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Imports, origin not reported | Poland: petrol supply | 18,085 | 3.7% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Lithuania | Poland: petrol supply | 11,121 | 2.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Austria | Poland: petrol supply | 1,138 | 0.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Saudi Arabia | Poland (own refineries) | 158,774 | 44.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's petrol to Poland split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Poland (own refineries) | 129,206 | 35.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's petrol to Poland split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Poland (own refineries) | 36,943 | 10.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's petrol to Poland split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Poland: crude not from imports | Poland (own refineries) | 23,280 | 6.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Origin not reported: crude unknown | Imports, origin not reported | 18,085 | 100.0% | UnknownThe statistics did not say which country these imports came from. |
| Norway | Germany | 17,632 | 18.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Poland split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 16,480 | 16.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Poland split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 15,911 | 16.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Poland split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 11,948 | 12.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Poland split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 11,337 | 11.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Poland split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 10,605 | 10.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Poland split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Germany | 9,212 | 9.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Poland split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Poland (own refineries) | 7,319 | 2.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's petrol to Poland split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Lithuania | 5,832 | 52.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's petrol to Poland split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Poland (own refineries) | 5,586 | 1.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's petrol to Poland split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Lithuania | 3,318 | 29.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's petrol to Poland split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 2,324 | 2.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 1,846 | 1.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Poland split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Lithuania | 951 | 8.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's petrol to Poland split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Lithuania | 845 | 7.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's petrol to Poland split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 295 | 25.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Poland split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria | 211 | 18.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Poland split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Lithuania | 174 | 1.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Austria | 164 | 14.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Poland split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Austria | 146 | 12.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Poland split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Austria | 129 | 11.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Guyana | Austria | 103 | 9.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Poland split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Austria | 58 | 5.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Poland split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Austria | 32 | 2.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Poland split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2026-03 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2026-03 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Poland’s supply of petrol in 2026-03, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2026-03 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2026-01 to 2026-03.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Poland: crude not from imports (23,280 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Origin not reported: crude unknown (18,085 t): The statistics did not say which country these imports came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (2,627 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Imports, origin not reported (18,085 t): The statistics did not say which country these imports came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.