Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In May 2026, Poland's petrol supply was 530 kt: 76% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Germany (16%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Norway (33%), Saudi Arabia (31%) and the United States (7%), and 14% cannot be traced.
Country
Norway173 kt (est. 33%)Saudi Arabia166 kt (est. 31%)United States36 kt (est. 7%)Guyana24 kt (est. 5%)Kazakhstan13 kt (est. 2%)Algeria11 kt (est. 2%)United Kingdom10 kt (est. 2%)Other crude origins22 kt (est. 4%)Poland: crude not from imports52 kt (10%)Origin not reported: crude unknown18 kt (3%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports3.5 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.4 kt (<1%)Poland (own refineries)403 kt (76%)Germany86 kt (16%)Lithuania16 kt (3%)Czechia3.1 kt (<1%)Slovakia2.6 kt (<1%)Austria1.1 kt (<1%)Imports, origin not reported18 kt (3%)Poland: petrol supply530 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Norway173 kt (est. 33%)
- Saudi Arabia166 kt (est. 31%)
- United States36 kt (est. 7%)
- Guyana24 kt (est. 5%)
- Kazakhstan13 kt (est. 2%)
- Algeria11 kt (est. 2%)
- United Kingdom10 kt (est. 2%)
- Other crude origins22 kt (est. 4%)
- Poland: crude not from imports52 kt (10%)
- Origin not reported: crude unknown18 kt (3%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports3.5 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.4 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Poland (own refineries) | Poland: petrol supply | 403,311 | 76.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Germany | Poland: petrol supply | 85,623 | 16.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Imports, origin not reported | Poland: petrol supply | 18,078 | 3.4% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Lithuania | Poland: petrol supply | 16,314 | 3.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Czechia | Poland: petrol supply | 3,137 | 0.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Poland: petrol supply | 2,640 | 0.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Austria | Poland: petrol supply | 1,140 | 0.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Saudi Arabia | Poland (own refineries) | 155,393 | 38.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's petrol to Poland split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Poland (own refineries) | 151,075 | 37.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's petrol to Poland split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Poland: crude not from imports | Poland (own refineries) | 52,004 | 12.9% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 19,857 | 23.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Poland split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Poland (own refineries) | 19,030 | 4.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's petrol to Poland split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Origin not reported: crude unknown | Imports, origin not reported | 18,078 | 100.0% | UnknownThe statistics did not say which country these imports came from. |
| Guyana | Poland (own refineries) | 17,356 | 4.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's petrol to Poland split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 16,747 | 19.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Poland split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 15,292 | 17.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Poland split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 11,786 | 13.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Poland split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 8,776 | 10.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Poland split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Algeria | Poland (own refineries) | 8,452 | 2.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's petrol to Poland split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Lithuania | 7,117 | 43.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's petrol to Poland split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Germany | 6,840 | 8.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Poland split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Lithuania | 5,218 | 32.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's petrol to Poland split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 2,597 | 3.0% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 2,252 | 2.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Poland split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Lithuania | 1,745 | 10.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's petrol to Poland split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Algeria | Germany | 1,475 | 1.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Poland split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia | 1,466 | 55.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Poland split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Lithuania | 1,367 | 8.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's petrol to Poland split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Czechia | 1,123 | 35.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Poland split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Czechia | 633 | 20.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Poland split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 623 | 54.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Poland split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Algeria | Lithuania | 598 | 3.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's petrol to Poland split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Czechia | 542 | 17.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Slovakia | 436 | 16.5% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia | 415 | 13.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Poland split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Slovakia | 312 | 11.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Poland split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Slovakia | 303 | 11.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Poland split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Lithuania | 270 | 1.7% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Norway | Czechia | 219 | 7.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Poland split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Czechia | 156 | 5.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Poland split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Austria | 148 | 13.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Poland split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Slovakia | 123 | 4.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Poland split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Austria | 105 | 9.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Poland split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Austria | 85 | 7.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Poland split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Austria | 84 | 7.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Saudi Arabia | Austria | 52 | 4.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Poland split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Algeria | Czechia | 50 | 1.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Poland split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Austria | 42 | 3.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Poland split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2026-05 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2026-05 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Poland’s supply of petrol in 2026-05, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2026-05 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2026-03 to 2026-05.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Poland: crude not from imports (52,004 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Origin not reported: crude unknown (18,078 t): The statistics did not say which country these imports came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (3,493 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (436 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Imports, origin not reported (18,078 t): The statistics did not say which country these imports came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.