Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In June 2026, Poland's jet fuel supply was 173 kt: 97% from its own refineries; tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Saudi Arabia (42%) and Norway (42%), and 6% cannot be traced.
Country
Saudi Arabia73 kt (est. 42%)Norway72 kt (est. 42%)United States8.2 kt (est. 5%)Guyana3.9 kt (est. 2%)Algeria3.6 kt (est. 2%)Azerbaijan0.7 kt (est. <1%)Kazakhstan0.6 kt (est. <1%)Other crude origins0.4 kt (est. <1%)Poland: crude not from imports8.0 kt (5%)Origin not reported: crude unknown2.4 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.1 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.1 kt (<1%)Poland (own refineries)167 kt (97%)Czechia2.4 kt (1%)Netherlands1.0 kt (<1%)Belgium0.2 kt (<1%)Imports, origin not reported2.4 kt (1%)Poland: jet fuel supply173 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Poland (own refineries)
- Czechia
- Netherlands
- Belgium
- Other (1)
- Saudi Arabia73 kt (est. 42%)
- Norway72 kt (est. 42%)
- United States8.2 kt (est. 5%)
- Guyana3.9 kt (est. 2%)
- Algeria3.6 kt (est. 2%)
- Azerbaijan0.7 kt (est. <1%)
- Kazakhstan0.6 kt (est. <1%)
- Other crude origins0.4 kt (est. <1%)
- Poland: crude not from imports8.0 kt (5%)
- Origin not reported: crude unknown2.4 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.1 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.1 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Poland (own refineries) | Poland: jet fuel supply | 166,512 | 96.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Imports, origin not reported | Poland: jet fuel supply | 2,414 | 1.4% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Czechia | Poland: jet fuel supply | 2,396 | 1.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Poland: jet fuel supply | 1,000 | 0.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Poland: jet fuel supply | 202 | 0.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Saudi Arabia | Poland (own refineries) | 71,825 | 43.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's jet fuel to Poland split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Poland (own refineries) | 71,558 | 43.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's jet fuel to Poland split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Poland: crude not from imports | Poland (own refineries) | 7,979 | 4.8% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| United States | Poland (own refineries) | 7,738 | 4.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's jet fuel to Poland split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Poland (own refineries) | 3,859 | 2.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's jet fuel to Poland split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Algeria | Poland (own refineries) | 3,553 | 2.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's jet fuel to Poland split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Origin not reported: crude unknown | Imports, origin not reported | 2,414 | 100.0% | UnknownThe statistics did not say which country these imports came from. |
| Saudi Arabia | Czechia | 812 | 33.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's jet fuel to Poland split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Czechia | 705 | 29.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's jet fuel to Poland split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia | 430 | 18.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's jet fuel to Poland split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 341 | 34.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Poland split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Netherlands | 270 | 27.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Poland split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 174 | 17.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Poland split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Czechia | 157 | 6.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's jet fuel to Poland split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Czechia | 141 | 5.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's jet fuel to Poland split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Czechia | 132 | 5.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 101 | 10.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Poland split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 88 | 8.8% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Other crude origins | Belgium | 68 | 33.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Poland split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Belgium | 61 | 30.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Poland split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Belgium | 29 | 14.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Poland split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium | 28 | 13.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Poland split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Czechia | 19 | 0.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's jet fuel to Poland split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Algeria | Netherlands | 19 | 1.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Poland split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Belgium | 11 | 5.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Poland split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Netherlands | 8 | 0.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Poland split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Belgium | 4 | 1.9% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Algeria | Belgium | 2 | 0.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Poland split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2026-06 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2026-06 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Poland’s supply of jet fuel in 2026-06, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2026-06 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2026-04 to 2026-06.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Poland: crude not from imports (7,979 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Origin not reported: crude unknown (2,414 t): The statistics did not say which country these imports came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (132 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (92 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Imports, origin not reported (2,414 t): The statistics did not say which country these imports came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.