Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In March 2026, Romania's road diesel supply was 482 kt: 50% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Saudi Arabia (30%), Türkiye (9%) and Bulgaria (8%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Kazakhstan (21%) and Azerbaijan (7%), and 61% cannot be traced.
Country
Kazakhstan102 kt (est. 21%)Azerbaijan34 kt (est. 7%)Guyana16 kt (est. 3%)Norway13 kt (est. 3%)Libya10 kt (est. 2%)Côte d’Ivoire7.8 kt (est. 2%)Iraq2.6 kt (est. <1%)Other crude origins3.0 kt (est. <1%)Saudi Arabia: no crude data147 kt (30%)Romania: crude not from imports62 kt (13%)Türkiye: no crude data44 kt (9%)Bulgaria: crude origin not reported38 kt (8%)Smaller flows: no crude data3.0 kt (<1%)Romania (own refineries)243 kt (50%)Saudi Arabia147 kt (30%)Türkiye44 kt (9%)Bulgaria38 kt (8%)Greece7.0 kt (1%)Israel3.0 kt (<1%)Romania: road diesel supply482 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Romania (own refineries)
- Saudi Arabia
- Türkiye
- Bulgaria
- Greece
- Israel
- Kazakhstan102 kt (est. 21%)
- Azerbaijan34 kt (est. 7%)
- Guyana16 kt (est. 3%)
- Norway13 kt (est. 3%)
- Libya10 kt (est. 2%)
- Côte d’Ivoire7.8 kt (est. 2%)
- Iraq2.6 kt (est. <1%)
- Other crude origins3.0 kt (est. <1%)
- Saudi Arabia: no crude data147 kt (30%)
- Romania: crude not from imports62 kt (13%)
- Türkiye: no crude data44 kt (9%)
- Bulgaria: crude origin not reported38 kt (8%)
- Smaller flows: no crude data3.0 kt (<1%)
Where the fuel was refined
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Romania (own refineries) | Romania: road diesel supply | 243,000 | 50.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Saudi Arabia | Romania: road diesel supply | 147,000 | 30.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Türkiye | Romania: road diesel supply | 44,000 | 9.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Bulgaria | Romania: road diesel supply | 38,000 | 7.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Greece | Romania: road diesel supply | 7,000 | 1.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Israel | Romania: road diesel supply | 3,000 | 0.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Saudi Arabia: no crude data | Saudi Arabia | 147,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Kazakhstan | Romania (own refineries) | 100,683 | 41.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's road diesel to Romania split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Romania: crude not from imports | Romania (own refineries) | 61,586 | 25.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Türkiye: no crude data | Türkiye | 44,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Bulgaria: crude origin not reported | Bulgaria | 38,000 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Azerbaijan | Romania (own refineries) | 33,446 | 13.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's road diesel to Romania split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Romania (own refineries) | 16,262 | 6.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's road diesel to Romania split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Romania (own refineries) | 11,879 | 4.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's road diesel to Romania split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Romania (own refineries) | 9,111 | 3.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's road diesel to Romania split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Côte d’Ivoire | Romania (own refineries) | 7,842 | 3.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's road diesel to Romania split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: no crude data | Israel | 3,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Iraq | Greece | 2,615 | 37.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Romania split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Romania (own refineries) | 2,191 | 0.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's road diesel to Romania split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Greece | 1,225 | 17.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Romania split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Greece | 1,098 | 15.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Romania split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Greece | 836 | 11.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Romania split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Greece | 694 | 9.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Romania split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Greece | 372 | 5.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Romania split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Greece | 160 | 2.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Romania split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2026-03 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2026-03 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the countries whose refineries made it. Right: Romania’s supply of road diesel in 2026-03, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2026-03 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2026-01 to 2026-03.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Saudi Arabia: no crude data (147,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Romania: crude not from imports (61,586 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Türkiye: no crude data (44,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Bulgaria: crude origin not reported (38,000 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: no crude data (3,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only; fuel re-exported through a supplier is not followed further.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.