Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In May 2026, Romania's petrol supply was 205 kt: 94% from its own refineries; tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Kazakhstan (32%), Guyana (13%) and Azerbaijan (13%), and 32% cannot be traced.
Country
Kazakhstan66 kt (est. 32%)Guyana27 kt (est. 13%)Azerbaijan26 kt (est. 13%)Libya8.9 kt (est. 4%)Canada3.8 kt (est. 2%)Russia3.4 kt (est. 2%)Ukraine2.6 kt (est. 1%)Other crude origins2.7 kt (est. 1%)Romania: crude not from imports61 kt (30%)Bulgaria: crude origin not reported3.0 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported1.0 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.5 kt (<1%)Romania (own refineries)193 kt (94%)Slovakia6.0 kt (3%)Bulgaria3.0 kt (1%)Hungary3.0 kt (1%)Romania: petrol supply205 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Romania (own refineries)
- Slovakia
- Bulgaria
- Hungary
- Kazakhstan66 kt (est. 32%)
- Guyana27 kt (est. 13%)
- Azerbaijan26 kt (est. 13%)
- Libya8.9 kt (est. 4%)
- Canada3.8 kt (est. 2%)
- Russia3.4 kt (est. 2%)
- Ukraine2.6 kt (est. 1%)
- Other crude origins2.7 kt (est. 1%)
- Romania: crude not from imports61 kt (30%)
- Bulgaria: crude origin not reported3.0 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported1.0 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.5 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Romania (own refineries) | Romania: petrol supply | 193,000 | 94.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Slovakia | Romania: petrol supply | 6,000 | 2.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Bulgaria | Romania: petrol supply | 3,000 | 1.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Hungary | Romania: petrol supply | 3,000 | 1.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kazakhstan | Romania (own refineries) | 65,582 | 34.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's petrol to Romania split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Romania: crude not from imports | Romania (own refineries) | 61,261 | 31.7% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Guyana | Romania (own refineries) | 26,501 | 13.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's petrol to Romania split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Romania (own refineries) | 25,637 | 13.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's petrol to Romania split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Romania (own refineries) | 7,778 | 4.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's petrol to Romania split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Canada | Romania (own refineries) | 3,841 | 2.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's petrol to Romania split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Bulgaria: crude origin not reported | Bulgaria | 3,000 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Ukraine | Romania (own refineries) | 2,400 | 1.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's petrol to Romania split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Slovakia | 2,306 | 38.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Romania split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia | 2,292 | 38.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Romania split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Hungary | 1,072 | 35.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Romania split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Slovakia | 991 | 16.5% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Libya | Hungary | 867 | 28.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Romania split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Hungary | 534 | 17.8% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Hungary | 397 | 13.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Romania split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Slovakia | 290 | 4.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Romania split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Ukraine | Slovakia | 121 | 2.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Romania split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary | 69 | 2.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Romania split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Ukraine | Hungary | 61 | 2.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Romania split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2026-05 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2026-05 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Romania’s supply of petrol in 2026-05, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2026-05 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2026-03 to 2026-05.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Romania: crude not from imports (61,261 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Bulgaria: crude origin not reported (3,000 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (991 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (534 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.