Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In March 2026, Slovakia's road diesel supply was 325 kt: 38% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Switzerland (21%), Czechia (16%) and the United Kingdom (14%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the Russia (19%), Saudi Arabia (10%) and Azerbaijan (6%), and 47% cannot be traced.
Country
Russia62 kt (est. 19%)Saudi Arabia31 kt (est. 10%)Azerbaijan18 kt (est. 6%)Norway16 kt (est. 5%)Libya14 kt (est. 4%)Kazakhstan12 kt (est. 4%)United Kingdom4.0 kt (est. 1%)Other crude origins16 kt (est. 5%)Switzerland: no crude data69 kt (21%)United Kingdom: no crude data45 kt (14%)Slovakia: crude origin not reported18 kt (6%)Slovakia: crude not from imports16 kt (5%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports2.8 kt (<1%)Slovakia (own refineries)122 kt (38%)Switzerland69 kt (21%)Czechia51 kt (16%)United Kingdom45 kt (14%)Austria20 kt (6%)Germany13 kt (4%)Poland3.6 kt (1%)Slovakia: road diesel supply325 kt (100%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Slovakia (own refineries)
- Switzerland
- Czechia
- United Kingdom
- Austria
- Germany
- Poland
- Russia62 kt (est. 19%)
- Saudi Arabia31 kt (est. 10%)
- Azerbaijan18 kt (est. 6%)
- Norway16 kt (est. 5%)
- Libya14 kt (est. 4%)
- Kazakhstan12 kt (est. 4%)
- United Kingdom4.0 kt (est. 1%)
- Other crude origins16 kt (est. 5%)
- Switzerland: no crude data69 kt (21%)
- United Kingdom: no crude data45 kt (14%)
- Slovakia: crude origin not reported18 kt (6%)
- Slovakia: crude not from imports16 kt (5%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports2.8 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
Crude behind this road diesel, an estimate (Mar 2026)
12.2 thousand tonnes
est. 4% of Slovakia's road diesel supply
less than 0.1 kt reported12 kt estimated
Inferred · medium
Last shipped from
- Czechia5.3 kt (est. 44%)
- Austria5.3 kt (est. 43%)
- Germany1.6 kt (est. 13%)
Source: Fuel Origin fuel-chain look-through (docs/HORMUZ_METHOD.md section 8), built on Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm and nrg_cb_oilm
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Slovakia (own refineries) | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 122,379 | 37.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Switzerland | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 69,051 | 21.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Czechia | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 51,442 | 15.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 45,013 | 13.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Austria | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 20,380 | 6.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 12,789 | 3.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Poland | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 3,616 | 1.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Switzerland: no crude data | Switzerland | 69,051 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Russia | Slovakia (own refineries) | 61,719 | 50.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom: no crude data | United Kingdom | 45,013 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Slovakia: crude origin not reported | Slovakia (own refineries) | 18,268 | 14.9% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Azerbaijan | Czechia | 17,188 | 33.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Slovakia: crude not from imports | Slovakia (own refineries) | 16,425 | 13.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Saudi Arabia | Czechia | 14,485 | 28.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Slovakia (own refineries) | 14,176 | 11.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Czechia | 12,602 | 24.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Slovakia (own refineries) | 8,951 | 7.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia | 5,345 | 10.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Austria | 5,293 | 26.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 5,285 | 25.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 5,200 | 40.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria | 3,773 | 18.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia (own refineries) | 2,839 | 2.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Austria | 2,620 | 12.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 2,318 | 18.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Austria | 2,307 | 11.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Czechia | 1,822 | 3.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Poland | 1,590 | 44.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Slovakia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 1,571 | 12.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 1,490 | 11.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 1,394 | 10.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Poland | 1,294 | 35.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Slovakia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Austria | 578 | 2.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria | 524 | 2.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Poland | 499 | 13.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Slovakia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 306 | 2.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 269 | 2.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 243 | 1.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Poland | 233 | 6.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
Source & method
Source Period 2026-03 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2026-03 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Slovakia’s supply of road diesel in 2026-03, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2026-03 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2026-01 to 2026-03.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Switzerland: no crude data (69,051 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- United Kingdom: no crude data (45,013 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Slovakia: crude origin not reported (18,268 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Slovakia: crude not from imports (16,425 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (2,845 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.