Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In March 2024, Slovakia's road diesel supply was 366 kt: 43% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from the United Kingdom (24%), Czechia (14%) and Hungary (8%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the Russia (51%) and Kazakhstan (6%), and 28% cannot be traced.
Country
Russia187 kt (est. 51%)Kazakhstan21 kt (est. 6%)Azerbaijan18 kt (est. 5%)United Kingdom14 kt (est. 4%)Switzerland6.5 kt (est. 2%)Norway4.2 kt (est. 1%)United States4.2 kt (est. 1%)Other crude origins9.2 kt (est. 3%)United Kingdom: no crude data90 kt (24%)Hungary: crude not from imports5.2 kt (1%)Slovenia: no refinery5.1 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported2.7 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.8 kt (<1%)Slovakia (own refineries)157 kt (43%)United Kingdom90 kt (24%)Czechia51 kt (14%)Hungary30 kt (8%)Germany20 kt (6%)Austria13 kt (4%)Slovenia5.1 kt (1%)Slovakia: road diesel supply366 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Slovakia (own refineries)
- United Kingdom
- Czechia
- Hungary
- Germany
- Austria
- Slovenia
- Russia187 kt (est. 51%)
- Kazakhstan21 kt (est. 6%)
- Azerbaijan18 kt (est. 5%)
- United Kingdom14 kt (est. 4%)
- Switzerland6.5 kt (est. 2%)
- Norway4.2 kt (est. 1%)
- United States4.2 kt (est. 1%)
- Other crude origins9.2 kt (est. 3%)
- United Kingdom: no crude data90 kt (24%)
- Hungary: crude not from imports5.2 kt (1%)
- Slovenia: no refinery5.1 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported2.7 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.8 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
Road diesel supplied (Mar 2024)
156.6 thousand tonnes
43% of Slovakia's road diesel supply
Official
Crude behind it (estimate)
- Russia138 kt (est. 88%)
- United Kingdom12 kt (est. 8%)
- Switzerland6.5 kt (est. 4%)
Source: Eurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output); Fuel Origin fuel-chain look-through (docs/HORMUZ_METHOD.md section 8), built on Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm and nrg_cb_oilm
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Slovakia (own refineries) | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 156,573 | 42.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| United Kingdom | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 89,639 | 24.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Czechia | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 51,346 | 14.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Hungary | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 30,393 | 8.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 20,311 | 5.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Austria | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 13,068 | 3.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovenia | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 5,095 | 1.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Russia | Slovakia (own refineries) | 138,277 | 88.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom: no crude data | United Kingdom | 89,639 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Russia | Czechia | 25,380 | 49.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Hungary | 23,012 | 75.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Slovakia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Czechia | 16,641 | 32.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Slovakia (own refineries) | 11,843 | 7.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia | 9,325 | 18.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 7,483 | 57.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Switzerland | Slovakia (own refineries) | 6,453 | 4.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 5,666 | 27.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Hungary: crude not from imports | Hungary | 5,245 | 17.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Slovenia: no refinery | Slovenia | 5,095 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only. |
| Norway | Germany | 3,886 | 19.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 3,858 | 19.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Austria | 2,889 | 22.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 2,559 | 12.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 1,994 | 9.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Germany | 1,720 | 8.5% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary | 1,476 | 4.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Slovakia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Austria | 941 | 7.2% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Other crude origins | Hungary | 660 | 2.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Slovakia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria | 603 | 4.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Austria | 521 | 4.0% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 331 | 1.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Austria | 324 | 2.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Austria | 307 | 2.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 297 | 1.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
Source & method
Source Period 2024-03 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-03 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Slovakia’s supply of road diesel in 2024-03, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Countries without a crude refinery can appear under "Last shipped from": the importing country's statistics record where the fuel arrived from. It was refined elsewhere and either sold on or passed through that country's terminals; the statistics do not say which, or where it was refined.
Month: 2024-03 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-01 to 2024-03.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- United Kingdom: no crude data (89,639 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Hungary: crude not from imports (5,245 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Slovenia: no refinery (5,095 t): The supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (2,661 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (819 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.