Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In June 2024, Slovakia's road diesel supply was 228 kt: 44% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from the United Kingdom (24%), Czechia (20%) and Austria (7%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the Russia (28%), Azerbaijan (14%) and Switzerland (8%), and 37% cannot be traced.
Country
Russia65 kt (est. 28%)Azerbaijan31 kt (est. 14%)Switzerland18 kt (est. 8%)Kazakhstan16 kt (est. 7%)Saudi Arabia4.0 kt (est. 2%)Norway3.1 kt (est. 1%)Libya3.0 kt (est. 1%)Other crude origins4.6 kt (est. 2%)United Kingdom: no crude data54 kt (24%)Slovakia: crude not from imports25 kt (11%)Slovenia: no refinery2.5 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports2.0 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.8 kt (<1%)Slovakia (own refineries)100 kt (44%)United Kingdom54 kt (24%)Czechia45 kt (20%)Austria16 kt (7%)Germany8.2 kt (4%)Slovenia2.5 kt (1%)Poland1.7 kt (<1%)Hungary1.1 kt (<1%)Slovakia: road diesel supply228 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Slovakia (own refineries)
- United Kingdom
- Czechia
- Austria
- Germany
- Slovenia
- Poland
- Hungary
- Russia65 kt (est. 28%)
- Azerbaijan31 kt (est. 14%)
- Switzerland18 kt (est. 8%)
- Kazakhstan16 kt (est. 7%)
- Saudi Arabia4.0 kt (est. 2%)
- Norway3.1 kt (est. 1%)
- Libya3.0 kt (est. 1%)
- Other crude origins4.6 kt (est. 2%)
- United Kingdom: no crude data54 kt (24%)
- Slovakia: crude not from imports25 kt (11%)
- Slovenia: no refinery2.5 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports2.0 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.8 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
Crude behind this road diesel, an estimate (Jun 2024)
24.6 thousand tonnes
11% of Slovakia's road diesel supply
Unknown
Last shipped from
- Slovakia (own refineries)25 kt (100%)
Source: Fuel Origin fuel-chain look-through (docs/HORMUZ_METHOD.md section 8), built on Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm and nrg_cb_oilm
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Slovakia (own refineries) | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 100,185 | 43.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| United Kingdom | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 53,977 | 23.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Czechia | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 45,237 | 19.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Austria | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 15,709 | 6.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 8,156 | 3.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovenia | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 2,480 | 1.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Poland | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 1,651 | 0.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Hungary | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 1,098 | 0.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| United Kingdom: no crude data | United Kingdom | 53,977 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Russia | Slovakia (own refineries) | 53,802 | 53.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Czechia | 27,294 | 60.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Slovakia: crude not from imports | Slovakia (own refineries) | 24,556 | 24.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Switzerland | Slovakia (own refineries) | 18,054 | 18.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Czechia | 10,530 | 23.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 7,637 | 48.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia | 7,076 | 15.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 3,309 | 40.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Slovakia (own refineries) | 3,081 | 3.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Austria | 2,931 | 18.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Slovenia: no refinery | Slovenia | 2,480 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only. |
| Libya | Austria | 2,199 | 14.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 1,657 | 20.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Austria | 1,286 | 8.2% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 1,151 | 14.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Poland | 832 | 50.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Slovakia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 774 | 9.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Austria | 757 | 4.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Hungary | 729 | 66.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Slovakia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia (own refineries) | 692 | 0.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Poland | 673 | 40.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Slovakia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Germany | 648 | 7.9% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Other crude origins | Austria | 390 | 2.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria | 379 | 2.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Czechia | 337 | 0.7% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 282 | 3.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 197 | 2.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary | 163 | 14.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Slovakia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Hungary | 149 | 13.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Poland | 147 | 8.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Slovakia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Austria | 130 | 0.8% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 129 | 1.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Hungary | 57 | 5.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Slovakia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2024-06 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-06 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Slovakia’s supply of road diesel in 2024-06, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Countries without a crude refinery can appear under "Last shipped from": the importing country's statistics record where the fuel arrived from. It was refined elsewhere and either sold on or passed through that country's terminals; the statistics do not say which, or where it was refined.
Month: 2024-06 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-04 to 2024-06.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- United Kingdom: no crude data (53,977 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Slovakia: crude not from imports (24,556 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Slovenia: no refinery (2,480 t): The supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (1,970 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (778 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.