Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In June 2025, Slovakia's road diesel supply was 386 kt: 60% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from the United Kingdom (17%) and Czechia (14%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the Russia (53%), Azerbaijan (7%) and Saudi Arabia (7%), and 19% cannot be traced.
Country
Russia206 kt (est. 53%)Azerbaijan27 kt (est. 7%)Saudi Arabia27 kt (est. 7%)Kazakhstan20 kt (est. 5%)Norway16 kt (est. 4%)Hungary6.5 kt (est. 2%)Libya4.7 kt (est. 1%)Other crude origins6.0 kt (est. 2%)United Kingdom: no crude data66 kt (17%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports3.8 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: no refinery1.6 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported1.6 kt (<1%)Slovakia (own refineries)231 kt (60%)United Kingdom66 kt (17%)Czechia56 kt (14%)Austria19 kt (5%)Germany13 kt (3%)Slovenia1.6 kt (<1%)Slovakia: road diesel supply386 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Slovakia (own refineries)
- United Kingdom
- Czechia
- Austria
- Germany
- Slovenia
- Russia206 kt (est. 53%)
- Azerbaijan27 kt (est. 7%)
- Saudi Arabia27 kt (est. 7%)
- Kazakhstan20 kt (est. 5%)
- Norway16 kt (est. 4%)
- Hungary6.5 kt (est. 2%)
- Libya4.7 kt (est. 1%)
- Other crude origins6.0 kt (est. 2%)
- United Kingdom: no crude data66 kt (17%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports3.8 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: no refinery1.6 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported1.6 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
Crude behind this road diesel, an estimate (Jun 2025)
1.6 thousand tonnes
<1% of Slovakia's road diesel supply
Unknown
Last shipped from
- Germany0.8 kt (54%)
- Austria0.7 kt (46%)
Source: Fuel Origin fuel-chain look-through (docs/HORMUZ_METHOD.md section 8), built on Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm and nrg_cb_oilm
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Slovakia (own refineries) | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 231,204 | 59.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| United Kingdom | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 66,248 | 17.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Czechia | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 55,780 | 14.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Austria | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 18,936 | 4.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 12,642 | 3.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovenia | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 1,607 | 0.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Russia | Slovakia (own refineries) | 205,497 | 88.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom: no crude data | United Kingdom | 66,248 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Azerbaijan | Czechia | 25,666 | 46.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Slovakia (own refineries) | 16,502 | 7.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Czechia | 13,921 | 25.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia | 9,409 | 16.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 9,300 | 49.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Czechia | 6,624 | 11.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Hungary | Slovakia (own refineries) | 6,488 | 2.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 5,380 | 42.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Austria | 3,575 | 18.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Slovakia (own refineries) | 2,718 | 1.2% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Libya | Austria | 2,667 | 14.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 2,321 | 18.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 2,017 | 16.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 1,672 | 13.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: no refinery | Slovenia | 1,607 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Austria | 1,059 | 5.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria | 1,026 | 5.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Germany | 847 | 6.7% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Austria | 714 | 3.8% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Other crude origins | Austria | 595 | 3.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 321 | 2.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Czechia | 160 | 0.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 84 | 0.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2025-06 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-06 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Slovakia’s supply of road diesel in 2025-06, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Countries without a crude refinery can appear under "Last shipped from": the importing country's statistics record where the fuel arrived from. It was refined elsewhere and either sold on or passed through that country's terminals; the statistics do not say which, or where it was refined.
Month: 2025-06 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-04 to 2025-06.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- United Kingdom: no crude data (66,248 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (3,777 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: no refinery (1,607 t): The supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (1,561 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.