Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In August 2025, Slovakia's road diesel supply was 401 kt: 65% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from the United Kingdom (16%) and Czechia (12%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the Russia (49%), Azerbaijan (7%) and Saudi Arabia (6%), and 21% cannot be traced.
Country
Russia197 kt (est. 49%)Azerbaijan30 kt (est. 7%)Saudi Arabia26 kt (est. 6%)Norway19 kt (est. 5%)Hungary17 kt (est. 4%)Kazakhstan16 kt (est. 4%)Libya4.0 kt (est. 1%)Other crude origins8.6 kt (est. 2%)United Kingdom: no crude data63 kt (16%)Slovakia: crude not from imports18 kt (5%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported1.2 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.5 kt (<1%)Slovakia (own refineries)260 kt (65%)United Kingdom63 kt (16%)Czechia47 kt (12%)Germany17 kt (4%)Austria13 kt (3%)Hungaryless than 0.1 kt (<1%)Slovakia: road diesel supply401 kt (100%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Slovakia (own refineries)
- United Kingdom
- Czechia
- Germany
- Austria
- Hungary
- Russia197 kt (est. 49%)
- Azerbaijan30 kt (est. 7%)
- Saudi Arabia26 kt (est. 6%)
- Norway19 kt (est. 5%)
- Hungary17 kt (est. 4%)
- Kazakhstan16 kt (est. 4%)
- Libya4.0 kt (est. 1%)
- Other crude origins8.6 kt (est. 2%)
- United Kingdom: no crude data63 kt (16%)
- Slovakia: crude not from imports18 kt (5%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported1.2 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.5 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
Crude behind this road diesel, an estimate (Aug 2025)
1.2 thousand tonnes
<1% of Slovakia's road diesel supply
Unknown
Last shipped from
- Germany1.0 kt (83%)
- Austria0.2 kt (17%)
Source: Fuel Origin fuel-chain look-through (docs/HORMUZ_METHOD.md section 8), built on Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm and nrg_cb_oilm
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Slovakia (own refineries) | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 260,478 | 65.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| United Kingdom | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 63,353 | 15.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Czechia | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 46,881 | 11.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 17,322 | 4.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Austria | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 12,709 | 3.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Russia | Slovakia (own refineries) | 196,602 | 75.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom: no crude data | United Kingdom | 63,353 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Azerbaijan | Czechia | 18,611 | 39.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Slovakia: crude not from imports | Slovakia (own refineries) | 18,484 | 7.1% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Saudi Arabia | Slovakia (own refineries) | 18,048 | 6.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Hungary | Slovakia (own refineries) | 16,647 | 6.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Czechia | 15,993 | 34.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Slovakia (own refineries) | 10,697 | 4.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 7,216 | 41.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia | 7,198 | 15.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 6,843 | 53.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Czechia | 5,078 | 10.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 3,022 | 17.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 2,913 | 16.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Austria | 2,486 | 19.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 2,352 | 13.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Austria | 1,422 | 11.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Germany | 1,011 | 5.8% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Libya | Austria | 1,006 | 7.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Austria | 491 | 3.9% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 460 | 2.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 347 | 2.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria | 251 | 2.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Austria | 211 | 1.7% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Russia | Hungary | 20 | 78.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Slovakia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary | 4 | 15.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Slovakia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Hungary | 1 | 5.7% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2025-08 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-08 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Slovakia’s supply of road diesel in 2025-08, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2025-08 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-06 to 2025-08.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- United Kingdom: no crude data (63,353 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Slovakia: crude not from imports (18,484 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (1,222 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (493 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.