Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In January 2024, Slovakia's road diesel supply was 414 kt: 61% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from the United Kingdom (28%) and Czechia (8%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the Russia (60%), and 32% cannot be traced.
Country
Russia246 kt (est. 60%)Kazakhstan12 kt (est. 3%)Azerbaijan10 kt (est. 3%)United Kingdom6.3 kt (est. 2%)Libya2.1 kt (est. <1%)Norway0.9 kt (est. <1%)Iraq0.8 kt (est. <1%)Other crude origins2.2 kt (est. <1%)United Kingdom: no crude data115 kt (28%)Slovakia: crude not from imports14 kt (3%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports2.0 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported1.4 kt (<1%)Slovakia (own refineries)252 kt (61%)United Kingdom115 kt (28%)Czechia33 kt (8%)Austria10 kt (2%)Germany3.2 kt (<1%)Slovakia: road diesel supply414 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Slovakia (own refineries)
- United Kingdom
- Czechia
- Austria
- Germany
- Russia246 kt (est. 60%)
- Kazakhstan12 kt (est. 3%)
- Azerbaijan10 kt (est. 3%)
- United Kingdom6.3 kt (est. 2%)
- Libya2.1 kt (est. <1%)
- Norway0.9 kt (est. <1%)
- Iraq0.8 kt (est. <1%)
- Other crude origins2.2 kt (est. <1%)
- United Kingdom: no crude data115 kt (28%)
- Slovakia: crude not from imports14 kt (3%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports2.0 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported1.4 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
Crude behind this road diesel, an estimate (Jan 2024)
6.3 thousand tonnes
est. 2% of Slovakia's road diesel supply
less than 0.1 kt reported6.3 kt estimated
Inferred · medium
Last shipped from
- Slovakia (own refineries)6.1 kt (est. 97%)
- Germany0.2 kt (est. 3%)
Source: Fuel Origin fuel-chain look-through (docs/HORMUZ_METHOD.md section 8), built on Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm and nrg_cb_oilm
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Slovakia (own refineries) | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 252,125 | 60.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| United Kingdom | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 115,127 | 27.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Czechia | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 33,120 | 8.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Austria | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 10,117 | 2.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 3,182 | 0.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Russia | Slovakia (own refineries) | 231,937 | 92.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom: no crude data | United Kingdom | 115,127 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Russia | Czechia | 14,421 | 43.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Slovakia: crude not from imports | Slovakia (own refineries) | 14,068 | 5.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Azerbaijan | Czechia | 10,053 | 30.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia | 7,220 | 21.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Slovakia (own refineries) | 6,121 | 2.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 4,468 | 44.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria | 1,775 | 17.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Czechia | 1,426 | 4.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 1,259 | 39.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Austria | 1,196 | 11.8% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Other crude origins | Austria | 948 | 9.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Austria | 746 | 7.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 649 | 20.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Austria | 461 | 4.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Libya | Germany | 338 | 10.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 331 | 10.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria | 284 | 2.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Austria | 239 | 2.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Germany | 194 | 6.1% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 176 | 5.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 86 | 2.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Germany | 79 | 2.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 69 | 2.2% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
Source & method
Source Period 2024-01 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-01 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Slovakia’s supply of road diesel in 2024-01, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2024-01 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2023-11 to 2024-01.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- United Kingdom: no crude data (115,127 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Slovakia: crude not from imports (14,068 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (1,956 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (1,390 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.