Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In July 2023, Slovakia's road diesel supply was 449 kt: 60% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from the United Kingdom (27%) and Czechia (8%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the Russia (48%) and Hungary (17%), and 27% cannot be traced.
Country
Russia217 kt (est. 48%)Hungary75 kt (est. 17%)Azerbaijan9.2 kt (est. 2%)Kazakhstan5.2 kt (est. 1%)United States4.6 kt (est. 1%)Saudi Arabia3.9 kt (est. <1%)Norway3.5 kt (est. <1%)Other crude origins7.3 kt (est. 2%)United Kingdom: no crude data120 kt (27%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported2.0 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports1.7 kt (<1%)Slovakia (own refineries)269 kt (60%)United Kingdom120 kt (27%)Czechia37 kt (8%)Austria11 kt (2%)Germany8.3 kt (2%)Poland4.6 kt (1%)Slovakia: road diesel supply449 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Slovakia (own refineries)
- United Kingdom
- Czechia
- Austria
- Germany
- Poland
- Russia217 kt (est. 48%)
- Hungary75 kt (est. 17%)
- Azerbaijan9.2 kt (est. 2%)
- Kazakhstan5.2 kt (est. 1%)
- United States4.6 kt (est. 1%)
- Saudi Arabia3.9 kt (est. <1%)
- Norway3.5 kt (est. <1%)
- Other crude origins7.3 kt (est. 2%)
- United Kingdom: no crude data120 kt (27%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported2.0 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports1.7 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Slovakia (own refineries) | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 269,460 | 60.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| United Kingdom | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 119,523 | 26.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Czechia | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 36,511 | 8.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Austria | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 10,977 | 2.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 8,273 | 1.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Poland | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 4,586 | 1.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Russia | Slovakia (own refineries) | 194,014 | 72.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2023-05 to 2023-07. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom: no crude data | United Kingdom | 119,523 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Hungary | Slovakia (own refineries) | 75,278 | 27.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2023-05 to 2023-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Czechia | 22,969 | 62.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2023-05 to 2023-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Czechia | 8,579 | 23.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2023-05 to 2023-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Austria | 3,549 | 32.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-05 to 2023-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 3,384 | 40.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-05 to 2023-07. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Czechia | 3,118 | 8.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2023-05 to 2023-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 2,931 | 26.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-05 to 2023-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Austria | 1,882 | 17.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-05 to 2023-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Poland | 1,831 | 39.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Slovakia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2023-05 to 2023-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Austria | 1,750 | 15.9% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Norway | Germany | 1,654 | 20.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-05 to 2023-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Poland | 1,620 | 35.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Slovakia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2023-05 to 2023-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia | 1,199 | 3.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2023-05 to 2023-07. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 1,148 | 13.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-05 to 2023-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 1,043 | 12.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-05 to 2023-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Czechia | 646 | 1.8% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria | 523 | 4.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-05 to 2023-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 428 | 5.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-05 to 2023-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Poland | 414 | 9.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Slovakia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2023-05 to 2023-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Poland | 392 | 8.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Austria | 342 | 3.1% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| United States | Poland | 328 | 7.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Slovakia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2023-05 to 2023-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Germany | 266 | 3.2% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 151 | 1.8% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 136 | 1.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-05 to 2023-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Germany | 63 | 0.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-05 to 2023-07. Confidence: medium. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2023-07 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2023-07 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Slovakia’s supply of road diesel in 2023-07, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2023-07 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2023-05 to 2023-07.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- United Kingdom: no crude data (119,523 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (2,016 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (1,699 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.