Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In August 2023, Slovakia's road diesel supply was 413 kt: 64% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from the United Kingdom (21%) and Czechia (9%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the Russia (58%) and Hungary (12%), and 22% cannot be traced.
Country
Russia238 kt (est. 58%)Hungary49 kt (est. 12%)Azerbaijan8.5 kt (est. 2%)Kazakhstan6.7 kt (est. 2%)United States5.0 kt (est. 1%)Saudi Arabia3.1 kt (est. <1%)Norway3.0 kt (est. <1%)Other crude origins7.9 kt (est. 2%)United Kingdom: no crude data88 kt (21%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports2.4 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported1.4 kt (<1%)Slovakia (own refineries)264 kt (64%)United Kingdom88 kt (21%)Czechia38 kt (9%)Austria11 kt (3%)Germany8.8 kt (2%)Poland3.0 kt (<1%)Slovakia: road diesel supply413 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Slovakia (own refineries)
- United Kingdom
- Czechia
- Austria
- Germany
- Poland
- Russia238 kt (est. 58%)
- Hungary49 kt (est. 12%)
- Azerbaijan8.5 kt (est. 2%)
- Kazakhstan6.7 kt (est. 2%)
- United States5.0 kt (est. 1%)
- Saudi Arabia3.1 kt (est. <1%)
- Norway3.0 kt (est. <1%)
- Other crude origins7.9 kt (est. 2%)
- United Kingdom: no crude data88 kt (21%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports2.4 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported1.4 kt (<1%)
Where the fuel was refined
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Slovakia (own refineries) | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 264,284 | 64.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| United Kingdom | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 88,308 | 21.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Czechia | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 37,576 | 9.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Austria | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 11,158 | 2.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 8,780 | 2.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Poland | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 3,044 | 0.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Russia | Slovakia (own refineries) | 215,739 | 81.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2023-06 to 2023-08. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom: no crude data | United Kingdom | 88,308 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Hungary | Slovakia (own refineries) | 48,545 | 18.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2023-06 to 2023-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Czechia | 22,445 | 59.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2023-06 to 2023-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Czechia | 8,169 | 21.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2023-06 to 2023-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Austria | 4,375 | 39.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-06 to 2023-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 3,518 | 40.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-06 to 2023-08. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Czechia | 3,360 | 8.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2023-06 to 2023-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 3,359 | 30.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-06 to 2023-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia | 2,209 | 5.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2023-06 to 2023-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Poland | 1,550 | 50.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Slovakia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2023-06 to 2023-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 1,493 | 17.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-06 to 2023-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Austria | 1,445 | 13.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-06 to 2023-08. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 1,395 | 15.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-06 to 2023-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Czechia | 1,392 | 3.7% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Austria | 1,132 | 10.1% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Saudi Arabia | Poland | 1,112 | 36.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Slovakia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2023-06 to 2023-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 1,106 | 12.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-06 to 2023-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Austria | 598 | 5.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 503 | 5.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-06 to 2023-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 319 | 3.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Germany | 276 | 3.1% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United States | Poland | 259 | 8.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Slovakia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2023-06 to 2023-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria | 249 | 2.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-06 to 2023-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 129 | 1.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-06 to 2023-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Poland | 117 | 3.8% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Russia | Germany | 40 | 0.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-06 to 2023-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Poland | 6 | 0.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Slovakia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2023-06 to 2023-08. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2023-08 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2023-08 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the countries whose refineries made it. Right: Slovakia’s supply of road diesel in 2023-08, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2023-08 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2023-06 to 2023-08.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- United Kingdom: no crude data (88,308 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (2,427 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (1,408 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only; fuel re-exported through a supplier is not followed further.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.