Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In September 2023, Slovakia's road diesel supply was 408 kt: 74% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from the United Kingdom (13%) and Czechia (6%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the Russia (69%) and Hungary (7%), and 13% cannot be traced.
Country
Russia283 kt (est. 69%)Hungary27 kt (est. 7%)Switzerland8.4 kt (est. 2%)Kazakhstan8.0 kt (est. 2%)Azerbaijan6.4 kt (est. 2%)United States4.2 kt (est. 1%)Libya3.9 kt (est. <1%)Other crude origins12 kt (est. 3%)United Kingdom: no crude data53 kt (13%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported1.3 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.9 kt (<1%)Slovakia (own refineries)304 kt (74%)United Kingdom53 kt (13%)Czechia25 kt (6%)Germany14 kt (3%)Austria11 kt (3%)Poland1.8 kt (<1%)Slovakia: road diesel supply408 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Slovakia (own refineries)
- United Kingdom
- Czechia
- Germany
- Austria
- Poland
- Russia283 kt (est. 69%)
- Hungary27 kt (est. 7%)
- Switzerland8.4 kt (est. 2%)
- Kazakhstan8.0 kt (est. 2%)
- Azerbaijan6.4 kt (est. 2%)
- United States4.2 kt (est. 1%)
- Libya3.9 kt (est. <1%)
- Other crude origins12 kt (est. 3%)
- United Kingdom: no crude data53 kt (13%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported1.3 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.9 kt (<1%)
Where the fuel was refined
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Slovakia (own refineries) | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 303,894 | 74.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| United Kingdom | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 52,616 | 12.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Czechia | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 24,838 | 6.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 14,056 | 3.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Austria | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 10,989 | 2.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Poland | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 1,783 | 0.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Russia | Slovakia (own refineries) | 267,999 | 88.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom: no crude data | United Kingdom | 52,616 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Hungary | Slovakia (own refineries) | 27,499 | 9.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Czechia | 14,768 | 59.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Switzerland | Slovakia (own refineries) | 8,396 | 2.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 7,203 | 51.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Czechia | 5,929 | 23.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 4,144 | 37.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Austria | 3,352 | 30.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 2,487 | 17.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria | 2,307 | 21.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia | 2,161 | 8.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 1,719 | 12.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Poland | 1,627 | 91.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Slovakia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 1,561 | 11.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Czechia | 1,546 | 6.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Austria | 737 | 6.7% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 529 | 3.8% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Czechia | 302 | 1.2% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Austria | 292 | 2.7% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Germany | 272 | 1.9% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 271 | 1.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria | 157 | 1.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Czechia | 133 | 0.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Poland | 125 | 7.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Slovakia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Poland | 30 | 1.7% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Russia | Germany | 15 | 0.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2023-09 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2023-09 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the countries whose refineries made it. Right: Slovakia’s supply of road diesel in 2023-09, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2023-09 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2023-07 to 2023-09.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- United Kingdom: no crude data (52,616 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (1,310 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (852 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only; fuel re-exported through a supplier is not followed further.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.