Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In October 2023, Slovakia's road diesel supply was 310 kt: 45% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from the United Kingdom (30%), Czechia (13%) and Germany (5%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the Russia (49%), and 32% cannot be traced.
Country
Russia150 kt (est. 49%)Kazakhstan12 kt (est. 4%)Azerbaijan11 kt (est. 4%)United Kingdom6.7 kt (est. 2%)Hungary5.4 kt (est. 2%)Libya4.6 kt (est. 1%)Iraq3.9 kt (est. 1%)Other crude origins17 kt (est. 5%)United Kingdom: no crude data92 kt (30%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported3.2 kt (1%)Smaller flows: no refinery2.4 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports1.5 kt (<1%)Slovakia (own refineries)139 kt (45%)United Kingdom92 kt (30%)Czechia40 kt (13%)Germany16 kt (5%)Austria11 kt (4%)Hungary5.4 kt (2%)Poland3.0 kt (<1%)Slovenia2.4 kt (<1%)Slovakia: road diesel supply310 kt (100%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Slovakia (own refineries)
- United Kingdom
- Czechia
- Germany
- Austria
- Hungary
- Poland
- Slovenia
- Russia150 kt (est. 49%)
- Kazakhstan12 kt (est. 4%)
- Azerbaijan11 kt (est. 4%)
- United Kingdom6.7 kt (est. 2%)
- Hungary5.4 kt (est. 2%)
- Libya4.6 kt (est. 1%)
- Iraq3.9 kt (est. 1%)
- Other crude origins17 kt (est. 5%)
- United Kingdom: no crude data92 kt (30%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported3.2 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: no refinery2.4 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports1.5 kt (<1%)
Where the fuel was refined
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Slovakia (own refineries) | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 139,428 | 45.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| United Kingdom | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 92,349 | 29.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Czechia | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 40,096 | 12.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 15,694 | 5.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Austria | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 11,426 | 3.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Hungary | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 5,371 | 1.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Poland | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 2,978 | 1.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Slovenia | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 2,405 | 0.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Russia | Slovakia (own refineries) | 124,861 | 89.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2023-08 to 2023-10. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom: no crude data | United Kingdom | 92,349 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Russia | Czechia | 20,618 | 51.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2023-08 to 2023-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Czechia | 10,338 | 25.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2023-08 to 2023-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 8,516 | 54.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-08 to 2023-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Hungary | Slovakia (own refineries) | 5,443 | 3.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2023-08 to 2023-10. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Slovakia (own refineries) | 5,192 | 3.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2023-08 to 2023-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia | 5,032 | 12.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2023-08 to 2023-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Hungary | 4,983 | 92.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Slovakia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2023-08 to 2023-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 4,596 | 40.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-08 to 2023-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia (own refineries) | 3,932 | 2.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2023-08 to 2023-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria | 2,885 | 25.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-08 to 2023-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Poland | 2,835 | 95.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Slovakia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2023-08 to 2023-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Czechia | 2,653 | 6.6% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Smaller flows: no refinery | Slovenia | 2,405 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 1,917 | 12.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-08 to 2023-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Austria | 1,820 | 15.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-08 to 2023-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 1,677 | 10.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-08 to 2023-10. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 1,379 | 8.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-08 to 2023-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Czechia | 1,219 | 3.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2023-08 to 2023-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Austria | 1,053 | 9.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-08 to 2023-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Germany | 908 | 5.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-08 to 2023-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Austria | 675 | 5.9% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Germany | 531 | 3.4% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 507 | 3.2% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria | 396 | 3.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-08 to 2023-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Hungary | 266 | 4.9% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 259 | 1.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-08 to 2023-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Czechia | 236 | 0.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2023-08 to 2023-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Hungary | 105 | 1.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Slovakia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2023-08 to 2023-10. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Poland | 94 | 3.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Slovakia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2023-08 to 2023-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Poland | 50 | 1.7% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary | 18 | 0.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Slovakia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2023-08 to 2023-10. Confidence: medium. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2023-10 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2023-10 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the countries whose refineries made it. Right: Slovakia’s supply of road diesel in 2023-10, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2023-10 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2023-08 to 2023-10.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- United Kingdom: no crude data (92,349 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (3,184 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: no refinery (2,405 t): The supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (1,498 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only; fuel re-exported through a supplier is not followed further.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.