Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In November 2023, Slovakia's road diesel supply was 385 kt: 64% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from the United Kingdom (20%) and Czechia (9%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the Russia (61%), and 23% cannot be traced.
Country
Russia236 kt (est. 61%)Kazakhstan12 kt (est. 3%)United Kingdom11 kt (est. 3%)Azerbaijan11 kt (est. 3%)Switzerland7.8 kt (est. 2%)Libya4.0 kt (est. 1%)Iraq3.6 kt (est. <1%)Other crude origins9.3 kt (est. 2%)United Kingdom: no crude data77 kt (20%)Slovakia: crude not from imports8.4 kt (2%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported3.3 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports1.1 kt (<1%)Slovakia (own refineries)245 kt (64%)United Kingdom77 kt (20%)Czechia36 kt (9%)Austria13 kt (3%)Germany9.7 kt (3%)Poland2.9 kt (<1%)Hungary0.7 kt (<1%)Slovakia: road diesel supply385 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Slovakia (own refineries)
- United Kingdom
- Czechia
- Austria
- Germany
- Poland
- Hungary
- Russia236 kt (est. 61%)
- Kazakhstan12 kt (est. 3%)
- United Kingdom11 kt (est. 3%)
- Azerbaijan11 kt (est. 3%)
- Switzerland7.8 kt (est. 2%)
- Libya4.0 kt (est. 1%)
- Iraq3.6 kt (est. <1%)
- Other crude origins9.3 kt (est. 2%)
- United Kingdom: no crude data77 kt (20%)
- Slovakia: crude not from imports8.4 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported3.3 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports1.1 kt (<1%)
Where the fuel was refined
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Slovakia (own refineries) | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 245,087 | 63.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| United Kingdom | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 77,390 | 20.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Czechia | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 36,290 | 9.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Austria | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 13,297 | 3.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 9,671 | 2.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Poland | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 2,934 | 0.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Hungary | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 728 | 0.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Russia | Slovakia (own refineries) | 218,442 | 89.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom: no crude data | United Kingdom | 77,390 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Russia | Czechia | 17,207 | 47.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Czechia | 10,385 | 28.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Slovakia (own refineries) | 10,365 | 4.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Slovakia: crude not from imports | Slovakia (own refineries) | 8,430 | 3.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Switzerland | Slovakia (own refineries) | 7,850 | 3.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 5,818 | 43.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 5,197 | 53.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia | 4,965 | 13.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria | 2,832 | 21.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Poland | 2,745 | 93.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Slovakia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Czechia | 2,558 | 7.0% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Iraq | Austria | 1,862 | 14.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Austria | 1,369 | 10.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Czechia | 1,175 | 3.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 1,175 | 12.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 1,035 | 10.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Austria | 693 | 5.2% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 671 | 6.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Hungary | 598 | 82.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Slovakia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Germany | 574 | 5.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria | 460 | 3.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Germany | 455 | 4.7% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 297 | 3.1% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 267 | 2.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Austria | 263 | 2.0% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Hungary | 93 | 12.8% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| United Kingdom | Poland | 93 | 3.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Slovakia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Poland | 53 | 1.8% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Poland | 44 | 1.5% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary | 22 | 3.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Slovakia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Hungary | 14 | 2.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Slovakia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2023-11 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2023-11 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the countries whose refineries made it. Right: Slovakia’s supply of road diesel in 2023-11, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2023-11 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2023-09 to 2023-11.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- United Kingdom: no crude data (77,390 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Slovakia: crude not from imports (8,430 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (3,320 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (1,136 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only; fuel re-exported through a supplier is not followed further.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.