Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In February 2024, Slovakia's petrol supply was 70 kt: 81% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Czechia (13%) and Austria (5%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the Russia (82%), the United Kingdom (5%) and Kazakhstan (5%), and 1% cannot be traced.
Country
Russia58 kt (est. 82%)United Kingdom3.7 kt (est. 5%)Kazakhstan3.6 kt (est. 5%)Azerbaijan3.4 kt (est. 5%)Libya0.6 kt (est. <1%)Saudi Arabia0.2 kt (est. <1%)Brazil0.1 kt (est. <1%)Other crude origins0.3 kt (est. <1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.4 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.4 kt (<1%)Slovakia (own refineries)57 kt (81%)Czechia9.3 kt (13%)Austria3.7 kt (5%)Hungary0.3 kt (<1%)Slovakia: petrol supply70 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Slovakia (own refineries)
- Czechia
- Austria
- Hungary
- Russia58 kt (est. 82%)
- United Kingdom3.7 kt (est. 5%)
- Kazakhstan3.6 kt (est. 5%)
- Azerbaijan3.4 kt (est. 5%)
- Libya0.6 kt (est. <1%)
- Saudi Arabia0.2 kt (est. <1%)
- Brazil0.1 kt (est. <1%)
- Other crude origins0.3 kt (est. <1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.4 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.4 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Slovakia (own refineries) | Slovakia: petrol supply | 57,174 | 81.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Czechia | Slovakia: petrol supply | 9,297 | 13.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Austria | Slovakia: petrol supply | 3,671 | 5.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Hungary | Slovakia: petrol supply | 263 | 0.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Russia | Slovakia (own refineries) | 53,454 | 93.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Czechia | 4,131 | 44.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Slovakia (own refineries) | 3,720 | 6.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Czechia | 3,212 | 34.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia | 1,844 | 19.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 1,738 | 47.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria | 630 | 17.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Austria | 442 | 12.0% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Other crude origins | Austria | 250 | 6.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Austria | 210 | 5.7% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Russia | Hungary | 198 | 75.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Slovakia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Austria | 152 | 4.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria | 152 | 4.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Czechia | 109 | 1.2% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Brazil | Austria | 97 | 2.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Hungary | 44 | 16.9% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary | 14 | 5.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Slovakia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Hungary | 7 | 2.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Slovakia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2024-02 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-02 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Slovakia’s supply of petrol in 2024-02, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2024-02 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2023-12 to 2024-02.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (442 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (364 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.