Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In April 2024, Slovakia's road diesel supply was 459 kt: 58% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from the United Kingdom (22%) and Czechia (10%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the Russia (52%) and Switzerland (7%), and 25% cannot be traced.
Country
Russia241 kt (est. 52%)Switzerland34 kt (est. 7%)Azerbaijan20 kt (est. 4%)Kazakhstan19 kt (est. 4%)United Kingdom14 kt (est. 3%)United States4.2 kt (est. <1%)Norway4.0 kt (est. <1%)Other crude origins9.0 kt (est. 2%)United Kingdom: no crude data101 kt (22%)Slovenia: no refinery11 kt (2%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported2.4 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports1.4 kt (<1%)Slovakia (own refineries)267 kt (58%)United Kingdom101 kt (22%)Czechia44 kt (10%)Germany22 kt (5%)Austria13 kt (3%)Slovenia11 kt (2%)Hungary2.1 kt (<1%)Slovakia: road diesel supply459 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Slovakia (own refineries)
- United Kingdom
- Czechia
- Germany
- Austria
- Slovenia
- Hungary
- Russia241 kt (est. 52%)
- Switzerland34 kt (est. 7%)
- Azerbaijan20 kt (est. 4%)
- Kazakhstan19 kt (est. 4%)
- United Kingdom14 kt (est. 3%)
- United States4.2 kt (est. <1%)
- Norway4.0 kt (est. <1%)
- Other crude origins9.0 kt (est. 2%)
- United Kingdom: no crude data101 kt (22%)
- Slovenia: no refinery11 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported2.4 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports1.4 kt (<1%)
Where the fuel was refined
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Slovakia (own refineries) | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 266,598 | 58.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| United Kingdom | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 100,732 | 21.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Czechia | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 44,357 | 9.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 21,611 | 4.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Austria | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 12,829 | 2.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Slovenia | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 11,181 | 2.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Hungary | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 2,054 | 0.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Russia | Slovakia (own refineries) | 221,066 | 82.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom: no crude data | United Kingdom | 100,732 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Switzerland | Slovakia (own refineries) | 33,743 | 12.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Czechia | 18,677 | 42.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Czechia | 18,239 | 41.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Slovakia (own refineries) | 11,790 | 4.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Slovenia: no refinery | Slovenia | 11,181 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only. |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 7,851 | 61.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia | 7,441 | 16.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 5,759 | 26.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 4,007 | 18.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 3,973 | 18.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Austria | 3,151 | 24.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 3,109 | 14.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Germany | 2,127 | 9.8% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 2,045 | 9.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Hungary | 1,456 | 70.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Slovakia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Austria | 834 | 6.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria | 490 | 3.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 359 | 1.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Hungary | 310 | 15.1% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Austria | 277 | 2.2% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 231 | 1.1% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| United States | Austria | 226 | 1.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary | 188 | 9.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Slovakia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Hungary | 100 | 4.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Slovakia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2024-04 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-04 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the countries whose refineries made it. Right: Slovakia’s supply of road diesel in 2024-04, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2024-04 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-02 to 2024-04.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- United Kingdom: no crude data (100,732 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Slovenia: no refinery (11,181 t): The supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (2,404 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (1,375 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only; fuel re-exported through a supplier is not followed further.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.