Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In May 2024, Slovakia's road diesel supply was 345 kt: 42% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from the United Kingdom (33%) and Czechia (14%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the Russia (36%), Switzerland (9%) and Azerbaijan (6%), and 39% cannot be traced.
Country
Russia124 kt (est. 36%)Switzerland30 kt (est. 9%)Azerbaijan22 kt (est. 6%)Kazakhstan19 kt (est. 6%)Libya3.5 kt (est. 1%)Saudi Arabia2.6 kt (est. <1%)United States2.3 kt (est. <1%)Other crude origins6.5 kt (est. 2%)United Kingdom: no crude data115 kt (33%)Slovakia: crude not from imports12 kt (4%)Slovenia: no refinery5.0 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports1.3 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported1.0 kt (<1%)Slovakia (own refineries)146 kt (42%)United Kingdom115 kt (33%)Czechia49 kt (14%)Austria16 kt (5%)Germany11 kt (3%)Slovenia5.0 kt (1%)Hungary3.2 kt (<1%)Slovakia: road diesel supply345 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Slovakia (own refineries)
- United Kingdom
- Czechia
- Austria
- Germany
- Slovenia
- Hungary
- Russia124 kt (est. 36%)
- Switzerland30 kt (est. 9%)
- Azerbaijan22 kt (est. 6%)
- Kazakhstan19 kt (est. 6%)
- Libya3.5 kt (est. 1%)
- Saudi Arabia2.6 kt (est. <1%)
- United States2.3 kt (est. <1%)
- Other crude origins6.5 kt (est. 2%)
- United Kingdom: no crude data115 kt (33%)
- Slovakia: crude not from imports12 kt (4%)
- Slovenia: no refinery5.0 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports1.3 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported1.0 kt (<1%)
Where the fuel was refined
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Slovakia (own refineries) | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 145,562 | 42.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| United Kingdom | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 115,257 | 33.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Czechia | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 48,922 | 14.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Austria | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 16,148 | 4.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 11,111 | 3.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Slovenia | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 5,014 | 1.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Hungary | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 3,246 | 0.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| United Kingdom: no crude data | United Kingdom | 115,257 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Russia | Slovakia (own refineries) | 102,293 | 70.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Switzerland | Slovakia (own refineries) | 30,058 | 20.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Czechia | 21,853 | 44.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Czechia | 19,503 | 39.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Slovakia: crude not from imports | Slovakia (own refineries) | 12,297 | 8.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 9,522 | 59.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia | 7,566 | 15.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Slovenia: no refinery | Slovenia | 5,014 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 4,710 | 42.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria | 2,526 | 15.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Austria | 2,185 | 13.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 2,109 | 19.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Hungary | 2,048 | 63.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Slovakia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 1,604 | 14.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 995 | 9.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia (own refineries) | 914 | 0.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Germany | 901 | 8.1% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Other crude origins | Austria | 621 | 3.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Austria | 588 | 3.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Hungary | 498 | 15.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary | 484 | 14.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Slovakia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 419 | 3.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria | 398 | 2.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Hungary | 217 | 6.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Slovakia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 208 | 1.9% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| United States | Austria | 170 | 1.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 154 | 1.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Austria | 137 | 0.8% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2024-05 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-05 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the countries whose refineries made it. Right: Slovakia’s supply of road diesel in 2024-05, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2024-05 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-03 to 2024-05.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- United Kingdom: no crude data (115,257 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Slovakia: crude not from imports (12,297 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Slovenia: no refinery (5,014 t): The supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (1,294 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (1,037 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only; fuel re-exported through a supplier is not followed further.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.