Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In June 2024, Slovakia's jet fuel supply was 3.6 kt, all of it imported, from Hungary (64%) and Germany (36%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the Russia (43%), Kazakhstan (15%) and Norway (7%), and 12% cannot be traced.
Country
Russia1.5 kt (est. 43%)Kazakhstan0.5 kt (est. 15%)Norway0.3 kt (est. 7%)United States0.2 kt (est. 6%)Libya0.1 kt (est. 3%)Croatia0.1 kt (est. 3%)United Kingdom0.1 kt (est. 3%)Other crude origins0.3 kt (est. 7%)Hungary: crude not from imports0.3 kt (9%)Germany: crude origin not reported0.1 kt (3%)Smaller flows: crude not from importsless than 0.1 kt (<1%)Hungary2.3 kt (64%)Germany1.3 kt (36%)Slovakia: jet fuel supply3.6 kt (100%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Crude origin (estimate)
- Russia1.5 kt (est. 43%)
- Kazakhstan0.5 kt (est. 15%)
- Norway0.3 kt (est. 7%)
- United States0.2 kt (est. 6%)
- Libya0.1 kt (est. 3%)
- Croatia0.1 kt (est. 3%)
- United Kingdom0.1 kt (est. 3%)
- Other crude origins0.3 kt (est. 7%)
- Hungary: crude not from imports0.3 kt (9%)
- Germany: crude origin not reported0.1 kt (3%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from importsless than 0.1 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hungary | Slovakia: jet fuel supply | 2,275 | 64.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Slovakia: jet fuel supply | 1,277 | 36.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Russia | Hungary | 1,510 | 66.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's jet fuel to Slovakia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary | 337 | 14.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's jet fuel to Slovakia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Hungary: crude not from imports | Hungary | 310 | 13.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Norway | Germany | 260 | 20.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 257 | 20.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 222 | 17.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 180 | 14.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 121 | 9.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Croatia | Hungary | 118 | 5.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's jet fuel to Slovakia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 103 | 8.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Germany: crude origin not reported | Germany | 101 | 7.9% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 31 | 2.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2024-06 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-06 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Slovakia’s supply of jet fuel in 2024-06, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2024-06 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-04 to 2024-06.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Hungary: crude not from imports (310 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Germany: crude origin not reported (101 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (31 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.