Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In June 2024, Slovakia's petrol supply was 65 kt: 74% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Czechia (17%) and Austria (7%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the Russia (44%), Switzerland (13%) and Azerbaijan (13%), and 19% cannot be traced.
Country
Russia29 kt (est. 44%)Switzerland8.8 kt (est. 13%)Azerbaijan8.2 kt (est. 13%)Kazakhstan4.1 kt (est. 6%)Saudi Arabia0.9 kt (est. 1%)Libya0.7 kt (est. 1%)Norway0.5 kt (est. <1%)Other crude origins0.9 kt (est. 1%)Slovakia: crude not from imports12 kt (18%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.5 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.1 kt (<1%)Slovakia (own refineries)49 kt (74%)Czechia11 kt (17%)Austria4.4 kt (7%)Germany1.2 kt (2%)Hungary0.3 kt (<1%)Slovakia: petrol supply65 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Slovakia (own refineries)
- Czechia
- Austria
- Germany
- Hungary
- Russia29 kt (est. 44%)
- Switzerland8.8 kt (est. 13%)
- Azerbaijan8.2 kt (est. 13%)
- Kazakhstan4.1 kt (est. 6%)
- Saudi Arabia0.9 kt (est. 1%)
- Libya0.7 kt (est. 1%)
- Norway0.5 kt (est. <1%)
- Other crude origins0.9 kt (est. 1%)
- Slovakia: crude not from imports12 kt (18%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.5 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.1 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Slovakia (own refineries) | Slovakia: petrol supply | 48,568 | 74.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Czechia | Slovakia: petrol supply | 10,931 | 16.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Austria | Slovakia: petrol supply | 4,446 | 6.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Slovakia: petrol supply | 1,198 | 1.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Hungary | Slovakia: petrol supply | 314 | 0.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Russia | Slovakia (own refineries) | 26,082 | 53.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Slovakia: crude not from imports | Slovakia (own refineries) | 11,904 | 24.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Switzerland | Slovakia (own refineries) | 8,752 | 18.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Czechia | 6,595 | 60.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Czechia | 2,544 | 23.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 2,162 | 48.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia | 1,710 | 15.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Slovakia (own refineries) | 1,494 | 3.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Austria | 829 | 18.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria | 622 | 14.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 486 | 40.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Austria | 364 | 8.2% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia (own refineries) | 336 | 0.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 243 | 20.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Austria | 214 | 4.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Hungary | 208 | 66.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Slovakia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 169 | 14.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 114 | 9.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Austria | 110 | 2.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria | 107 | 2.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Germany | 95 | 7.9% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Czechia | 81 | 0.7% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary | 47 | 14.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Slovakia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Hungary | 43 | 13.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 41 | 3.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Austria | 37 | 0.8% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 29 | 2.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 19 | 1.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Hungary | 16 | 5.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Slovakia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2024-06 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-06 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Slovakia’s supply of petrol in 2024-06, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2024-06 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-04 to 2024-06.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Slovakia: crude not from imports (11,904 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (517 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (132 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.